BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTIERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



139 



is ashy gre}', reddish in the male. The an- 

 tenna; are pectinated in tlie male. It is found 

 in Central Europe at the end of March and 

 in April. The larva is yellowish with black 

 spiracles, and a w-hitish dorsal stripe with a 

 narrower one on each side of it. The head 

 is white. It feeds on poplar in May, lying 

 coiled up between two leaves. 



T. stabitis, W. V. The Conmion Quaker. 

 Fore wings varying in colour, ashy grey, red- 

 dish grey, yellow or flesh-coloured with the 

 transverse lines faint or only indicated by 

 dark dots. There may be a central shade. 

 The stigmata are bordered with yellow and 

 are comparatively large and filled up with 

 darker; they sometimes touch on the inner 

 side. There is a yellow, nearly straight sub- 

 marginal line, edged with darker on the inner 

 side, black dots in front of the yellow mar- 

 ginal line and light nervures in the marginal 

 area. The hind wirigs are like the fore wings, 

 but are suffused with grey and have light 

 fringes. The head and thorax are like the 

 fore wings and the abdomen like the hind 

 wings. It is common throughout Central and 

 Southern Europe. The larva is green with 

 small yellow warts, a yellowish line on the 

 back, terminating in a short transverse line 

 and a yellow lateral line above the legs. It 

 feeds in May and June on lime, oak, willow 

 and other trees. 



T. gracilis, W. V. The Powdered Quaker. 

 Fore wings whitish grey with a reddish tinge, 

 dusted with black, and lightest at the base. 

 The transverse lines are only indicated by 

 dark dots, and the stigmata are darkly centred 

 and edged with yellow. There is a distinct 

 yellow submarginal line edged with darker on 

 the inner side; a yellow marginal line, with 

 dark dots in front of it ; and light nervures in 

 the marginal area. The hind wings are white, 

 with a grey lunule, and are suffused with 

 grey on the costa and hind margin. They are 

 crossed by a row of dark spots, which are 

 often faint, and have a blackish marginal 

 line. The head and thorax are covered with 

 long hair, and are of the same colour as the 

 fore wings; the abdomen is yellowish grey. 

 It is found in Central Europe and is not un- 

 common, appearing in March and April. The 

 larva is whitish grey or reddish grey with a 



faint spot on the back of each segment, which 

 is intersected by the alimentary canal, whicli 

 shows through it. The belly is yellowish 

 green and the spiracles black. It lives between 

 the leaves of bramble, sallow, wormwood, etc., 

 in June and July. 



T. incerta, Hufn. The Clouded Drab. 

 Varies much in colour, from the palest ashy 

 grey to deep rusty brown. The two transverse 

 lines are very indistinct, and are indicated 

 by light or dark dots, at least on the costa. 

 The orbicular stigma is elongated and approxi- 

 mated to the inner part of the reniform; both 

 are bordered with yellowish, and between them 

 at the base of the reniform stigma is a central 

 shade. The submarginal line is particularly 

 distinct, light in colour, with three brown 

 spots on the inner side at each end and one 

 in front of the middle; the marginal line is 

 lighter with small black dots. The hind 

 wings are ashy or rosy grey with a dark mar- 

 ginal band, and lunulas, and lighter fringes, 

 which are white at the base. The head and 

 thorax are like the fore wings and the ab- 

 domen like the hind wings. The serrations 

 of the antennae are sliortly conical in the male. 

 It is common in Central and Southern Europe 

 in early Spring. The caterpillar is generally 

 greenish yellow with four rows of yellow dots, 

 a yellow lateral stripe and a green one on 

 the back, which is however not constant. It 

 lives on lime, oak, elm and fruit-trees in June 

 and July. 



T. opima, Hiibn. The Northern Drab, 

 is ashy grey. The fore wings have two more 

 or less distinct brown transverse lines, yellow- 

 ish-bordered stigmata, a broad central shade, 

 a nearly straight yellow unspotted submar- 

 ginal line bordered with reddish brown on the 

 inner side, a dark marginal line and yellowish 

 fringes. The hind wings have a dark mar- 

 ginal line, a faint lunule and light fringes. 

 The moth is found in April in most parts of 

 Central Europe, but is not common. The larva 

 is brow-n with a yellowish head. It feeds on 

 oak in July and August. 



T. munda, W. V. The Twin-spotted 

 Quaker. Fore wings greyish ochreous with 

 indistinct markings. In the place of the an- 

 terior transverse line and especially in that 

 of the submarginal line are a few black spots 



