140 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



or dots. Of the dark, yellow-edged stigmata 

 only the reniform is visible, and in front of 

 the hind margins are a few black longitudinal 

 streaks. The hind wings are yellowish grey 

 with lighter fringes. The head and long- 

 haired thorax are somewhat darker and the 

 abdomen lighter. The antennae are pectinated 

 in the male. It is common in Central Europe 

 in early Spring. The larva is brown, with 

 a yellowish grey dorsal line, a row of yellowish 

 dots on each side, and a pale grey line on 

 the sides edged above with darker, enclosing 

 the spiracles; beneath it are triangular white 

 spots on the fifth and sixth segments. It 

 lives in June and July on oak, beech, elm 

 and lime. The pupa hibernates in an earthy 

 cocoon. 



Genus Panolis, Hiibn. 



General characters of the last genus, but 

 the head is more retracted, the palpi are rudi- 

 mentary, and in spite of their long hair hardly 

 reach as far as the front, whilst the terminal 

 segment is quite indistinguishable. The legs 

 and palpi are more roughly hairy than in 

 Taniocampa. The eyes are hairy and the an- 

 tennae in the males are slightly serrated. The 

 only species is: — 



P. piniperda, Panz. The Pine Beauty. 

 PI. XXVI. fig. II. Larva iia. is common in 

 Central and Southern Europe in April and 

 May, appearing in large numbers in some 

 years. It is usually confined to fir-woods, and 

 may be found sitting on the trunk or branches 

 of the trees. The larva is slender, smooth 

 and green with three broad white dorsal lines 

 and four yellow or red lateral lines. It feeds 

 on fir and pine in July. The pupa may be 

 found in the Spring under moss. 



Genus Pachnobia, Guen. 



Like Taniocampa, but the eyes are naked, 

 there are bristles on the middle and hind 

 tibiae, the fore wings are shorter and more 

 obtuse, with much shorter apices, and the 

 anal fold is slender, uniformly broad, and only 

 slightly narrowed at the end which is incurved. 

 The antennee of the males are pectinated in 

 leuconrapha and jiyraniidally serrated in rubricosa. 



P. leucographa, \\". \. The White-marked 

 Moth. Fore wings reddish brown varied with 



white and ochre-yellow, with indistinct white 

 transverse lines and central shade, whitish 

 orbicular and reniform stigmata, centred with 

 brown, and a faint white claviform stigma 

 divided by a brown longitudinal line. There 

 is a coppery red submarginal line dusted with 

 white, and three yellow dots on the light tips 

 of the wings. The fringes are brown chequered 

 with darker. The hind wings are j-ellowish 

 white suflfused with brownish red towards 

 the hind margins, with a brownish marginal 

 line and dirty white fringes. The head is 

 reddish brown and the thorax brown with a 

 double crest and a darkly bordered collar. 

 The abdomen is lighter with black tufts of 

 hair on the back, and a red anal tuft in the 

 male. The antennae are long and filiform in 

 the male, and are simply ciliated. It is found 

 throughout Central Europe in April, but is not 

 common. The caterpillar is grey with a brown 

 oblique stripe on the sides, as well as a reddish 

 yellow or black-bordered band. It lives in 

 May and June on plantain, bilberry and other 

 low plants. 



P. rubricosa, W. V. The Red Chestnut. 

 Fore wings bluish and reddish brown, with 

 four brown dots on a grey space between the 

 costa and the posterior transverse line, and 

 several white ones towards the apices. The two 

 transverse lines are grey, deeply dentated and 

 partly interrupted, and the stigmata are pale. 

 The reniform stigma is rendered rather darker 

 by the central shade. The submarginal line is 

 tolerably straight, lighter, and closely approxi- 

 mated in the middle to the posterior trans- 

 verse line. In front of the brown fringes there 

 is an interrupted marginal line. The hind 

 wings are reddish asliy grey with lighter 

 fringes and an indistinct lunule. The antennae 

 of the male are shortly pectinated, and partly 

 ciliated. It is found throughout Central and 

 Southern Europe in early Spring. The larva 

 is reddish with an indistinct darker dorsal 

 line, yellow in front. On each side tliere is 

 a row of pale yellow dashes, between which 

 the ground colour is dark brown, and two 

 pale yellow dots in blackish triangular spots. 

 There are whitish lines on the sides between 

 which are the black spiracles, and a row of 

 black dots above the legs. It feeds on sorrel 

 and other knv plants in June and July. 



