142 



BRITJSH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERI-LIES AND MOTHS. 



darkly margined on tlie opposed sides; the an- 

 terior is deeply dentated and the posterior 

 forms a dentation on the outer side. The cen- 

 tral shade is faint, the stigmata are indistinct 

 and the submarginal line is thin, and like 

 the posterior transverse line commences with 

 greyish white hooks on the costa, whilst behind 

 it are a few small dark spots on the outer 

 side. The tringes are slightly dentated. The 

 hind wmgs are yellowish grey, darker towards 

 the hind margins, with lighter fringes. It is 

 found in Central Europe in July. The larva is 

 yellowish green with three white dorsal stripes, 

 the median being the broadest, a similar lateral 

 line above the legs and white dots on the 

 back. The head is dark green. It feeds in 

 May on oak, birch, and fruit trees, and is a 

 cannibal. The pupa is short, with light rings, 

 and is placed between leaves spun together. 



C. diffinis, Linn. The White-spotted 

 Pinion. Fore wings chestnut brown suftused 

 with reddish grey, especially on the inner 

 margin and towards the base. There are 

 white transverse lines, edged with darker on 

 the opposed sides ; of these the posterior forms 

 a dentation in front near the hind margin. 

 The central shade is faint and the stigmata are 

 scarcely indicated. The submarginal line is 

 white and fairly straight, and there is a row of 

 dark brown dots in front of the slighly dentated 

 fringes, which are most distinct at the apex. 

 The commencement of the two transverse lines 

 forms a shining white spot on the costa, but 

 the half line and submarginal line are much 

 thinner. The hind wings are yellowish grey, 

 darker towards the hind margins, with yellow 

 fringes, darker on their basal half. The head 

 and thorax are reddish grey and the abdomen 

 is yellowish grey. It inhabits Central and 

 Southern Europe in July and is common in 

 many localities, but is local in England. The 

 caterpillar is yellowish green with five white 

 longitudinal lines placed at equal distances 

 from one another, brown hairy warts on white 

 spots, brown spiracles, a shining brown cer- 

 vical plate and a dark brown head with a 

 lighter forked frontal line. It feeds in j\Iay 

 and June between leaves of elm, which it has 

 spun together. The chrysalis is reddish brown 

 dusted with Ijlue, and is contained in a loose 

 cocoon on the ground. 



C. aflfinis, Linn. The Lesser-spotted 

 Pinion. Fore wings reddish brown, dustetl 

 with black, with whitish transverse lines, edged 

 with darker on the opposed sides, of which 

 the posterior forms a strong dentation towards 

 the hind margins in front. The central shade 

 is faint and the two stigmata are present as 

 light unmargined spots with a black centre, 

 the reniform forming a figure of 8. The 

 submarginal line is represented by darker and 

 lighter spots and there is a row of black dots 

 behind it, of which the second from the tip 

 is the largest, and the fringes are dentated. 

 The two transverse lines and the submarginal 

 line rise from small white spots on the costa. 

 The hind wings are black, especially the outer 

 half, with yellow fringes. The head and thorax 

 are reddish brown and the abdomen is black. 

 It is common in Central and Southern Europe 

 in July. The larva is yellowish green with 

 three white lines on the back, almost uniting 

 on the anal plate and a similar Ime on the 

 sides; black hairy warts, black spiracles, and 

 a yellowish green head. It lives on elm, oak, 

 etc., in June. The pupa is reddish brown 

 dusted with blue. 



C. trapezina, Linn. The Dun-bar. PI. 

 XXVI. fig. 12. is coininon tlnoughout Europe, 

 especially in oak woods, and appears in 

 July. The larva, which is a cannibal, is dull 

 green, with three delicate white dorsal, and 

 two sulphur- yellow lateral lines above the 

 legs ; between these on each side there are 

 black warts. It feeds between the leaves of 

 various trees. The pupa is brown and is 

 contained in a slight cocoon on the surface 

 of the ground. 



Genus Gosmia, Ochs. 



Shape longer than the last genus. The 

 abdomen is longer, projecting for a third of 

 its extent beyond the anal angle, with a pro- 

 minent ovipositor in the female. The front, 

 palpi and legs are clothed with woolly hair. 

 The antennas of the males have long, bushy 

 cilia in paleacea, but are closely ciliated in the 

 others, with a stout bristle on each segment. 

 The larvae feed on trees. 



C. paleacea, Esp. The Angle-striped 

 Sallow. Fore wings bright ochre-yellow, dusted 

 with brownish, with rusty brown simple trans- 



