BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AKD MOTHS. 



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plate. They have sixteen legs, and live in 

 the bark, pith, or root of trees and shrubs. 

 They assume the pupa state in a cocoon com- 

 posed of particles of wood. The pupa itself 

 is long and slender, with short, strong tooth- 

 like projections on the abdominal segments. 

 By means of these it extricates itself from 

 its cocoon before the emergence of the imago. 



Genus Trochilium, Scop. 



Antennse shorter than half tlie length of 

 the costa of the fore wings, thickened towards 

 the extremity, with a tuft of hair at the end, 

 and pectinated beneath with short ciliae in 

 the males. Proboscis short and soft. Fore 

 wings clothed with scales on the nervures 

 and margins only. Nervures 3 and 4 of the 

 hind wings rise from a common stalk. Ab- 

 domen rather stout, pointed at the extremity, 

 not tufted. 



T. apiforme, Linn. The Hornet Clearwing 

 of the Poplar. PI. XVI. fig. 6. is widely 

 distributed in Europe, and is common in many 

 parts of England, especially in the Eastern 

 Counties. It is found in June, sitting on the 

 trunks of poplars. The larva is yellowish white, 

 and bears a close resemblance to a large soft 

 maggot. It lives in the trunk and root of the 

 poplar, and its presence is shown by the saw- 

 dust projecting from small holes in the bark. 



T. crabriforme. Haw. The Hornet Clear- 

 wing of the Osier. Wings transparent, with 

 light brown margins and nervures. Under 

 side as above, but lighter at the costal margin. 

 Antennas black. Palpi pale yellow. Head brown 

 and neck yellow. Thorax black. The first 

 and second abdominal segments are dark brown, 

 the third yellow, and the fourth dark purple, 

 the rest of the segments being yellow, edged 

 with black, except the last, which is tipped 

 with orange or purple. The legs are orange- 

 coloured. It appears in June, and is common 

 in many parts of the British Isles. On the 

 Continent it is rare and local, but does occur 

 here and there in Central Germany and Holland. 

 The larva, which is whitish, with brownish 

 spiracles, feeds on willow and sallow, when 

 young in the bark, but afterwards in the 

 solid wood. 



T. melanocephalum, Dalm. Fore wings 

 transparent, with tawny margins and nervures. 



and a black discoidal spot; the hind wings 

 transparent with brown nervures. Antennae 

 tawny; palpi yellow, nearly black at the base. 

 Head black, with a tuft between the antennae. 

 Collar black, bordered with yellow. On both 

 sides of the scutellum is a large yellow spot. 

 Abdomen is blue-black, with narrow yellow 

 rings, and the terminal segment is yellow 

 above and brown beneath. Tibiae and tarsi 

 orange. This is a rare and local species, found 

 only in North-Eastern Germany and Scandi- 

 navia. The larva lives in the trunk and branches 

 of the aspen. The pupa is elongated and of 

 a light reddish brown colour. 



■ Genus Sciapteron, Staud. 



This Genus is distinguished by the following 

 characters: The antennae are provided in the 

 male with long, fine, comb-like lamellae. The 

 fore wings are densely covered with scales, so 

 that there are but few transparent spaces. The 

 Genus is represented by a single species only 

 in Europe. 



S. tabaniforme, Rott. The Dusky Clear- 

 wing. Fore wings entirely covered with brown 

 scales, dusted with yellow, with the exception 

 of a narrow linear transparent spot in the 

 discoidal cell and near the inner margin. 

 Beneath the basal portion is yellow, the outer 

 brown, and the discoidal spot orange. The 

 hind wings are transparent, with a bluish spine, 

 with brown margins and nervures, and a black 

 discoidal spot. The antennae are black, tipped 

 with orange. The orbits are white in front. 

 The head and neck are black, with a yellow 

 band behind ; the thorax blue-black, with two 

 small yellow spots over and two similar spots 

 under the base of the wings. The abdomen is 

 blue-black, with four yellow rings in the male 

 and three in the female. The apical tuft is yellow, 

 with two yellow longitudinal stripes beneath, 

 which are found also on the upper side in the 

 female. The femora are blue-black, the hind 

 pair with whitish hairs. The tibiae are yellow, 

 blackish on the outside, with yellow spines. 

 The moth appears in June, and is widely distri- 

 buted in Europe, though it is rare in many 

 places. It is now one of the greatest rarities 

 in Britain, though it was formerly somewhat 

 more common. The caterpillar lives in the 

 stem, branches, and root of the black poplar. 



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