148 



BRITISH AND ECROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



hind wings are yellowish white with darker 

 fringes. It is found in South-Central Europe 

 in September and October and is rare. The 

 caterpillar is reddish or yellowish grey with 

 a white dorsal line edged with bright brown, 

 a white brown-bordered spot on each side of 

 each segment, dark brown oblique streaks 

 beside them, inclined towards one another 

 posteriorly, a broad white spiracular line 

 suffused with reddish, and a white dot above 

 each spiracle. The head is light brown barred 

 with black. It feeds between the connected 

 leaves of maple in May. 



X. aurago, W. \'. The Barred Sallow. 

 Fore wings reddish yellow with a golden yel- 

 low half line and two transverse lines. The 

 submarginal line is similar and commences with 

 a golden yellow spot at the apex of the wings. 

 The stigmata are indistinct in the female, and 

 there is a golden yellow central area, in which 

 the stigmata appear as reddish spots in the 

 female. The hind wings are yellowish with 

 reddish fringes and a similar curved line placed 

 somewhat nearer the hind margin. The head 

 and thorax are golden yellow varied with 

 reddish, or orange varied with golden yellow. 

 The abdomen is j-ellowish or reddish. It is 

 common throughout Central Europe in Sep- 

 tember. The larva is grey with dark oblique 

 streaks and feeds between connected leaves of 

 the beech. 



X. flavago, Fabr. The Pink-barred Sallow. 

 Fore wings orange-yellow with rusty red 

 markings. There is a spot on the costa to- 

 wards the base, a second between the indistinct 

 «tigmata and a third between the submarginal 

 line and the posterior transverse line; these 

 are fused with the central shade, and form a 

 transverse band beyond the middle, in which 

 may be distinguished the more or less complete 

 pale posterior transverse line and reniform stig- 

 ma. The anterior transverse line and the sub- 

 marginal line are represented by rows of rusty 

 red dots, and there is a similar row of spots in 

 front of the chequered fringes. The hind 

 wings are straw-coloured with reddish fringes 

 and a more or less distinct curved line and 

 central lunule. The head, antenna; and collar 

 are rusty red, and the abdomen is straw- 

 coloured, more or less suffused with red. It is 

 common in Europe in August and September. 



The larva is narrow in front, widening gradu- 

 all}' towards the hinder extremity. It is rusty 

 brown, with small brown, j'ellow, red and 

 whitish dots, which form an interrupted dorsal 

 line. There is a broad indistinct lateral line 

 above the black spiracles and a dark anal 

 plate. The head is brown with darker markings. 

 It lives in Spring on sallow and afterwards on 

 bramble, etc. 



X. fulvago, Linn. The Sallow Moth. 

 Fore wings sulphur-yellow with the following 

 rusty markings: a spot on the costa towards 

 the base and near the tip, two double trans- 

 verse lines formed of small streaks, the margins 

 of the stigmata, the central shade and a row 

 of simple spots representing the submarginal 

 line. The reniform stigma, which is rendered 

 indistinct by the central shade, has a light- 

 centred dark brown spot at its lower end. 

 The fringes are somewhat suffused with red- 

 dish, and have brown tips. The hind wings 

 are bright yellowish white. The head and 

 thorax are sulphur-yellow and the abdomen 

 is whitish. The variety flavescens, Esp. 

 is almost devoid of markings, except for the 

 dot at the reniform stigma. The moth is 

 common in most parts of Europe and appears 

 about September. The larva is greyish brown 

 with a whitish stripe on the sides, and a black 

 cervical plate with two white lines upon it. 

 It lives in the catkins of willows when young, 

 later between the connected leaves and after- 

 wards on low plants. 



X. gilvago, Esp. The Dusky-lemon Sallow. 

 Fore wings greyish yellow, yellow or reddish 

 brown, with a darker half line, two double 

 transverse lines, the anterior being more or 

 less distinct or broken up into spots, and a 

 distinct central shade between the very in- 

 distinct stigmata, of which the reniform ends 

 in a point. The submarginal line commences 

 in a dark spot on the costa and consists of a 

 dark, sometimes black, row of dots between 

 the nerxures; on its outer side is a second 

 row of dark spots in front of the hind mar- 

 gins, and there is an additional line on the 

 fringes. The hind wings are straw-coloured. 

 The moth is common in Central Europe in 

 August and September. The larva is some- 

 what flattened, reddish brown with a pale 

 dorsal and lateral line. It feeds when young 



