BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



in woodland pastures, and is common all over 

 Europe. In Britain it is found in many loca- 

 lities, but is local. Tlic caterpillar is ashy 

 grey, with a black dorsal stripe, bounded on 

 either side by a yellow one, succeeded by a 

 red one. It feeds on Rinnex and Glohuhiria in 

 May and Jime. 



I. geryon, Hubn. The Cistus Forester 

 is very similar to tlie last species, but the 

 fore wings are shorter, of uniform breadth, 

 and more or less golden-green in colour. The 

 antennae are shorter and thicker. The moth 

 is common in Central Europe ; in Britain it 

 is almost confined to the chalk districts of the 

 South of England. The larva is brown, lighter 

 above, with a fine white median line. It feeds 

 on Helianthemitm vulgare. Var. chrysocephala, 

 Nick, is an Alpine form, in which the wings 

 are duller and less thickly scaled. 



Genus Zygaena, Fabr. 



Fore wings usually black, violet-blue, or 

 metallic-green, with six red spots (rarely re- 

 placed with yellow or white). These are ar- 

 ranged in pairs: at the base, in the centre, and 

 near the hind margin, and are numbered i, 

 2, 3, etc., from above downwards and from 

 within outwards, so that the upper basal spot 

 is No. I, the lower No. 2, the upper central 

 spot No. 3, and so on. Some species have 

 only five spots, whilst in others they are fused 

 together, forming three transverse stripes or 

 one large one. Hind wings generally red, 

 with the hind margins sometimes black. The 

 antennae are cylindrical, thickened towards the 

 end. Abdomen black, stout, and more or less 

 densel}' hair}', occasionally ringed with red. 

 Hind tibiae with median and terminal spurs. 

 The larvae are short, thick, and finely pubescent, 

 and generally feed on papilionaceous plants. 



Z. minos, W. V. The Transparent Burnet. 

 PI. XVI. fig. II. is found in Central Europe, 

 including the Western coasts of the British 

 Isles. It frequents hill-sides and woodland 

 meadows, and is generally abundant where it 

 is found. The larva is pale yellow, with two 

 rows of black spots. It feeds on Trifolium, 

 Veronica, Genista, Pimpinella, etc. The cocoon 

 is arched, and brownish j'ellow in colour. 



Z. brizae, Esp. resembles the last species, 

 but is somewhat smaller, and the hinder streak 



is rounded instead of being securiform. The 

 collar and tegulae are not edged with white. 

 This species mhabits the Tyrol and Eastern 

 luirope. 



Z. scabiosae, Esp. Fore wings dark brown, 

 thinly scaled, with three longitudinal red 

 streaks, rounded on the outer side, of which 

 the uppermost does not extend to the costa. 

 The basal spots are much produced, spot 2 

 sometimes connected with spot 4. Spot 5 is 

 long, sometimes interrupted in the middle. 

 The hind wings are red, with black borders, 

 broadest at the apex. The antennas are gradu- 

 ally thickened towards the extremity, and 

 pointed. The head and body are black. It 

 is found in June and July, especially in hilly 

 districts, throughout the greater part of Eu- 

 rope. The larva is golden-yellow, with a white 

 pubescence, and two rows of black dorsal spots. 

 The head is black, with white markings. It 

 feeds on clover in May. The pupa has a 

 golden-yellow cocoon. 



Z. achilleae, Esp. PI. XVI. fig. 12. is dark 

 blue or greenish grey, with five carmine spots, 

 the fifth of which is large and kidney-shaped. 

 The antennae are short, stout, and obtuse. The 

 collar and tegulae are generally bordered with 

 white, and the abdomen has sometimes an in- 

 distinct red belt. It is common in some parts 

 of Central and Southern Europe. The larva 

 feeds on Astragalus and Coronilla. 



Z. cynarae, Esp. Fore wings dark blue, 

 thinly scaled, with five red spots, of which 

 the first is long and pointed, the second long 

 and rounded externally, the third round and 

 much smaller than the fourth, which is trian- 

 gular, and the fifth small and indistinct. The 

 hind wings are red, with blue-black borders, 

 broad at the apex. The antennae are gradually 

 thickened into a club, obtuse at the end. Ab- 

 domen with a red belt. The moth is common 

 in some parts of Central and Southern Europe. 



Z. exulans, Hoch. The Mountain Burnet. 

 Fore wings blue-black, thinly scaled. Spot 

 I is long and pointed, and extends to spot 

 3; spot 2 is smaller and triangular; spot 3 

 is much smaller than 4, which is square ; 

 while 5 is smaller still. All the spots are 

 reddish. The hind wings are dull red, witli 

 narrow blackish borders. The antenna; termi- 

 nate in an obtuse club. The abdomen is 



