44 



UR/nSH A.VD ECROPJiAX BVTTERFLrES AXD MOTHS.. 



dark grey. It is found in many parts of 

 Europe, especially in dry sandy places in 

 pine or birch woods. The moth is rare in 

 England. 



N. cristatula, lllibn. is distinguished from 

 the last species by its browner colour. It is 

 found in Southern Europe in June and July. 

 The larva is brownish yellow, with a dark 

 dorsal line and black sagittate spots, and 

 with separate long hairs. It feeds on Mentha 

 aquaiica in i\Iay. 



Genus Ntidaria, Stcph. 



Fore wings liroad, thinlv scaled, without 

 an appendicular cell, rounded at the ape.x. 

 The proboscis is rudimentary or absent. They 

 are small delicate moths, which sit upon walls, 

 tree-trunks, etc., with their wings expanded. 

 The larvas are set with short hair, and feed 

 on lichens growing on trees and walls. 



N. senex, Hiibn. The Round Winged 

 Muslin. Fore wings pale yellow, with a brown 

 central area and two rows of dots on the 

 nervures, one in front and the other behind 

 the middle of the wings, and a brown dotted 

 submarginal line. The hind wings are paler, 

 with a brown central spot and a row of sub- 

 marginal dots. The moth is found in damp 

 grassy places in Central Europe, hiding itself 

 in the grass during the daytime. The larva 

 is dark ashy gre}-, very hairv, and feeds on 

 grass and Jnngcrmannia in June. The cocoon 

 is brownish. 



N. mundana, Linn. The INIuslin Moth. 

 Fore wings yellowish grey, iridescent, with 

 two zigzag transverse lines, a brown central 

 spot, and the hind margins darker. The an- 

 tennae are brownish, the rest of the body and 

 the hind wings whitish. It appears in July in 

 Northern and Central Europe. The caterpillar 

 is pale grey, with two rows of yellow dorsal 

 spots and a blackish transverse spot on the 

 eighth segment. It feeds on lichens growing 

 on rocks and trees. 



N. murina, Esp. Fore wings narrow, 

 jiale mouse-colour, with two rows of black 

 dots on the nervures, and some dots at tlie 

 base, one in the discoidal cell and two on the 

 transverse nervure. The hind wings are grey- 

 ish white. It is found in July in Southern 

 Europe. The caterpillar is light grey, with 



two jellow dorsal rows of spots and yellowish 

 grey warts. It feeds on lichens. 



Genus Calligenia, Dup. 



Like the last Genus, but with the proboscis 

 better developed and the fore wings more 

 densely scaled and more pointed. The only 

 European species is : 



C. miniata, I'orst. The Red Arches. Fore 

 wings orange, with broad scarlet costa and 

 hind margin, black longitudinal spots on the 

 nervures towards the hind margin, a black 

 sinuated line beyond the middle, a slight 

 indistinct line in front of it, and a black thin 

 streak on the costa at the base and towards 

 the tip. The hind wings are rose-colour, with 

 an orange-yellow submarginal line. The an- 

 tennae and body are orange, and the under 

 side of the abdomen black. The moth is 

 common in damp woods throughout Northern 

 and Central Europe in June and July. The 

 larva is pale brown, with thick tufts of long 

 black hairs tipped with grey. It feeds on 

 lichens growing on trees and fences in May. 

 The pupa is enclosed in a cocoon formed of 

 loosely woven hairs. 



Genus Setina, Schrank. 



All the wings with the same colouring ami 

 pattern. Fore wings triangular, with twelve 

 nervures, the hind margin almost as long as 

 the inner margin. Hind wings with eight 

 nervures, with 5, 7, and 8 rising from a com- 

 mon stalk, and 8 from the costal or discoidal 

 cell. The antennae are strongly ciliated in the 

 males and less so in the females. The colour 

 of the wings is yellow, the fore wings with 

 two rows of black spots in front of, and behind 

 the middle, and a row on the hind margins 

 between the nervures, or else only two black 

 dots, one in the middle of the costa and the 

 other towards the inner margins. In Alpine 

 forms the black colour is more pronounced, 

 especiall}- along the line of the nervures, being 

 due to the confluence of the black spots. The 

 moths sit with their wings sloping. They fly 

 in the daytime. The larvae are short and 

 stout, with bushy hairs and a small head. They 

 hibernate and feed on lichens. 



S. irrorella, Linn. The Dew Moth. Wings 

 ochre- vellow, thinlv scaled. Fore wings with 



