BRITISH AND EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



45 



three transverse rows of small black dots, the 

 middle row consisting of five dots ; hind wings 

 without dots or with only a few small ones. 

 The antennae are black, the collar, tegulse, 

 scutcllum, and anal tuft orange, whilst the 

 other parts are black. It is widely distributed 

 throughout Europe in open woods and weedy 

 places in July and August. The larva is black, 

 with square yellow dorsal spots, and elongated 

 lateral spots. It feeds on lichens, and is full- 

 grown in May. Var. signata, Borkh. has the 

 middle row of spots confluent. Var. andereggi, 

 Herr-Schafl'. has black nervures, and is found 

 in high-lying Alpine meadows. 



S. roscida, Hubn. Wings yellow, the fore 

 wings with three rows of black dots, the outer 

 row being strongly curved. The antennae, 

 head, thorax, and abdomen are black; the 

 collar, tegulae, and anal tuft yellow. It is the 

 smallest member of the Genus. The moth 

 is on the wing in May, June, and July, and is 

 common in Central and Southern Europe, 

 except the North-West, in hilly districts. The 

 larva feeds on lichens. Var. melanomos, 

 Nick, is darker, with black lines. It inhabits 

 the higher regions of the Alps. 



S. kuhlweini, Hiibn. is orange-yellow. 

 The fore wings with three transverse rows of 

 black dots, the hindermost being the longest. 

 The hind wings have a similar row of dots 

 on the hind margins. The head and a small 

 spot on the collar are black. It is mostly an 

 East European species. The larva is blackish, 

 witli yellowish dorsal and lateral lines. It 

 feeds on lichens growing on stones in May. 

 Var. alpestris, Zell. is larger, with thicker 

 antenna?. It inhabits the Southern Alps. 



S. aurita, Esp. is distinguished from the 

 last species by not being suffused with black 

 beneath. The hind wings are black, and the 

 collar, tegulae, and anal tuft yellow. It is found 

 in the Alps in July. Var. ramosa, Fabr. has 

 a broad black line in place of the anterior row 

 of dots. It is common in high-lying mountain 

 meadows in Southern Tyrol. 



S. mesomella, Linn. The Four-dotted 

 Footman. Fore wings whitish, with yellow 

 costa and fringes, and black dots near the 

 middle of the costa and inner margin. Hind 

 wings dark gre}-, with yellowish hind margins. 

 Antennae, head, collar, and tip of the abdomen 



yellow; the abdomen itself grey. The fore 

 wings are yellow in the female. It is widely 

 distributed throughout the greater part of 

 Europe in woods in June and July. The larva 

 is black, with short thick tufts, and feeds on 

 lichens till May. 



Genus Lithosia, Fabr. 



Fore wings long and narrow, with twelve 

 nervures. The hind margin about half as long 

 as the inner margin. There is no appendicular 

 cell. Nervure 2 rises from the niiddlc (f the 

 discoidal cell; 3 and 4 rise from a common 

 stalk; 7 and 8 together from 6; g and 10 from 

 the discoidal cell. Hind wings with nervure 

 5 absent; 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 rise together. 

 The antennae are ciliated. The palpi are small 

 and horizontal. The fore wings are uns'iotted. 



L. muscerda, Hufu. The Dottetl Foot- 

 man. Fore v.'ings ashy grey, with the costa 

 lighter, and several black dots near the inner 

 margin, and a row of four similar dots extend- 

 ing from the costa to the hinder angle. Hind 

 wings yellowish grey. The antennae and body 

 are ashy grey. It is found in damp woods 

 in Central Europe in July and August. In 

 Britain it is confined to one locality in Norfolk- 

 shire, Horning Marshes. The larva feeds on 

 lichens growing on alder. 



L. griseola, Hiibn. The Dingy Footman. 

 Fore wings leaden grey, with a silky lustre. 

 A narrow yellow costal line, and yellowish 

 grey fringes, lighter towards the base. The hind 

 wings are yellowish grey, with the fringes lighter. 

 The antennze are dark grey. The head, collar, 

 and tip of the tail are pale yellow. Abdomen 

 and thorax grey. The moth is widely distributed 

 throughout Europe in woods in June and 

 Jul)'. The larva is black, with two interrupted 

 red dorsal lines, and a red spot in front, bisected 

 by a black stripe; short black tufts and a 

 few longer hairs in front and behind. It feeds 

 on lichens growing on oak till May. Var. 

 flava, Haw. is a pale ochre-yellow form, found 

 unlv in England. 



L. deplana, Esp. The Buff Footman. The 

 wings are whitish grey in the male, with the 

 hind margin darker, and with ochre-yellow 

 fringes. Fore wings with a yellowish shine on the 

 base and extremity of the costa. The female 

 is reddish grey, with yellow fringes, and a 



