'52 



BRITISH AXD EUROPE AX BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



X. zinkenii, Trcit. The Nonconformist. 

 Fore wings light bkiish grey, with the dark 

 portions prominent. The anterior transverse 

 line is distinct and lighter, the posterior is 

 wanting, being fused with the submarginal line; 

 and onlj' separated at the end. The claviform 

 stigma is absent. The thick black streak, 

 which is somewhat faint in front, from in front 

 of the anterior transverse line to the submar- 

 ginal line, the orbicular and reniform stigmata 

 are sharph* bordered with black on the inner 

 edge of the wings and there is a brown central 

 shade between. It is found in Northern and 

 Central Europe in Autumn, but is scarce. The 

 variety lambda, Fabr. is uniform bright bluish 

 grey with the markings not prominent. The 

 two stigmata are indistinct and are not bor- 

 dered with black towards the inner margin of 

 the wings, and there is no claviform stigma. 

 There is a short black longitudinal streak 

 bordered with white internally between the 

 hardly distinguishable transverse lines, and a 

 black streak, edged with white in front, from 

 the middle of the base. . It is found in the 

 neighbourhood of Berlin. The larva is bluish 

 green dotted with whitish, with three whitish 

 dorsal lines and a yellow lateral stripe. It 

 feeds on Vaccinium uligtnosiim and Myrica gale. 

 X. ornithopus, Hufn. The Grey Shoulder- 

 knot. Fore wings whitish grey, marbled with 

 blackish and reddish, with small black spots 

 on the costa. The two transverse lines, espe- 

 cially the anterior, are indistinct, and the 

 black streak from the base is curved in front 

 with three hooks. The three stigmata are 

 present, the claviform bordered with black; 

 from its point the black streak passes to the 

 posterior transverse line. The orbicular stigma 

 is large, nearly square, the reniform is bordered 

 with black towards the inner margin of the 

 wings and is filled up with rusty red. The 

 submarginal line is indistinct, in cell ib and 

 in front of the median nervure faint with 

 dark spots. The marginal line is dotted with 

 black and behind the dots the fringes are 

 spotted with darker. The hind wings are 

 brownish grey with a central lunule and white 

 fringes incompletely spotted with darker. The 

 head and thorax are whitish gre}', the collar 

 with a black curved line in front of the dorsal 

 tuft. The abdomen is brownish grey. It is 



common in Central and Southern Europe in 

 August and September and after hibernation 

 till May. The larva is slender, somewhat 

 flattened, bluish green, thickly dotted with 

 white, with an interrupted almost blue dorsal 

 line, bordered with white, and an interrupted 

 white line on the sides above the legs. There 

 are four white hairy warts on each segment. 

 The bluish green head is comparatively large. 

 It lives on oak, sloe and fruit-trees in June. 



Genus Calocampa, Steph. 



Like the last genus, but with the thorax 

 more arched and the tufts indistinct. The 

 eyes are ciliated and the front hairy and 

 rounded. These large Noduce have very long 

 fore wings with short, slightly curved and 

 deeply sinuated fringes. They fly in Autumn 

 and hold the wings folded lengthwise when 

 at rest and close to the body, so that they 

 look like pieces of dry stick. All the species 

 hibernate. The larvae are smooth and elong- 

 ated and live on low plants, sitting during the 

 day on the food plant. They pass into the 

 pupa-state in the ground. 



C. vetusta, Hubn. The Red Sword-grass 

 Moth. PL XXVn. fig. 2. Larva 2a. is common 

 in Central and Southern Europe. The lar\'a 

 is dark or light green and lives in June and 

 July in damp places on Polygonum, veitches 

 and grasses. The moth emerges from the 

 bright reddish brown pupa in August or Sep- 

 tember and may be still found flying about 

 sallow-blossom in April. 



C. exoleta, Linn. The Sword-grass Moth. 

 Fore wings yellowish grey, silvered towards 

 the base and on the inner half of the wings. 

 The lightest stripe passes through the stigmata 

 to the hind margin. The anterior transverse 

 line has verj' long dentations, especially on 

 the inner margin, the posterior is indistinct 

 and is only indicated between the reniform 

 stigma and the inner margin by two spots on 

 each of the nervures. The orbicular stigma 

 is of nearly the same size and form as the 

 reniform, which is concave on both sides, 

 broadly edged with yellowish and darkly suf- 

 fused on the outer side. The submarginal 

 line is light-coloured and indistinct, being most 

 distinct near the black streak, where it forms 

 a W. The marginal line is composed of irre- 



