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BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



ish grey, with the three stigmata sharply edged 

 with black; the reniform being large and 

 angular. The three spots on the costa, the 

 nervures in the central area, and nervure ib 

 as far as the base of the wings, except in the 

 central area and on the outer half of the ner- 

 vures, are dusted with black. The fringes are 

 slightly banded on the basal half with black 

 spots between the nervures. The hind wings 

 are yellowish grey with darker nervures, 

 lunules and dotted marginal line. The head and 

 thorax have long hair and are brownish grey, 

 and the abdomen is brownish. The yellowish 

 brown antennae are bipectinated and ciliated 

 in the male. It is found in the Northern 

 parts of Central Europe. The only British 

 locality is Rannocli in Perthshire. The cater- 

 pillar is green, bluish in front and j-ellowish 

 behind, shagreened with numerous white dots, 

 white spiracles ringed with red, and on the 

 fourth and twelfth segments an oblique white 

 band bordered with reddish. It lives on birch, 

 elm, beech, and honeysuckle in June and July. 

 The pupa hibernates and rests deep in the 

 ground. The moth often does not emerge fof 

 two years. 



A. cassinea, \V. V. The Sprawler. Fore 

 wings ashy grey or light grey with numerous 

 brownish and blackish longitudinal streaks, an 

 expansion in cell ib and a white zigzag sub- 

 marginal line, but no stigmata or transverse 

 lines. The hind wings are white suffused with 

 brown, with a faint lunule and marginal line, 

 formed of crescents. The head and thorax 

 are ashy grey with long hair; the antennae are 

 comparatively long, and deeply pectinated in 

 the male, notched in the female. The abdomen 

 is yellowish grey. It is common in Central 

 Europe in October, and flies in gardens and 

 woods. The larva is bright yellowish green 

 or whitish with three white dorsal and a sul- 

 phur-yellow lateral line, all of them narrowed 

 at the end. It lives on lime, oak, poplar, willow 

 and fruit-trees in May and June. After heavy 

 rain the caterpillars may often be found crawl- 

 ing about under the trees. 



Genus Dasypolia, Guen. 



Proboscis short and soft; palpi drooping 

 and compressed. The antennae of the males 

 are obtuse, and pyramidally serrated, the thorax 



is woolly and the abdomen hairy above and 

 at the sides. The legs are unarmed. The 

 fore wings have long, oblique, curved hind 

 margins, rounded apices and long, slightly 

 sinuated fringes. The hind wings are small 

 wdth broadly rounded apices. The only spe- 

 cies is: — 



D. templi, Thunb. The Brindled Ochre. 

 Fore wings dirty yellowish grey with dark 

 yellowish lines and stigmata, bordered with 

 black. The hind wings are yellowish grey 

 with a dark central line and yellowish fringes. 

 It is found throughout Northern and Central 

 Europe. The larva is stout, reddish brown 

 above, with black dots on each segment, a 

 brown head and a divided cervical plate. It 

 feeds in the roots of Hcracleum spondylium and 

 sibirkum. 



Genus Xylocampa, Guen. 



Body with coarse erect hair, the collar 

 higher than the back and pointed in the middle, 

 forming a cowl. The antennae are setiform in 

 both sexes and not ciliated. The abdomen is 

 covered with coarse hair and has tufts through 

 the middle. The pectus and legs are woolly, 

 the latter short and unarmed. The fore wings 

 have long fringes and the hind wings are grey. 

 The larva of the only species is very slender 

 and is striped. It lives on honeysuckle. • 



X. areola, Esp. The Early Grey. Fore 

 wings light and dark brownish grey, with the 

 light transverse lines distinct, the anterior 

 complete, but the posterior only extending from 

 the costa to the reniform stigma. There are 

 several other transverse lines darker than the 

 ground colour, and from the base runs a black 

 streak. The two stigmata are light, and the 

 spot between them is dark; the reniform is 

 large, and the orbicular elongated, the two being 

 connected behind by a third stigma, sharply 

 edged with darker towards the inner margin. 

 The submarginal line is indicated by a few light 

 hooks, behind it all the cells contain black 

 longitudinal streaks more or less clouded with 

 darker; at tlie hinder angle there is a dark 

 blotch. The marginal line is composed of 

 dark spots, the fringes are light grey, and the 

 ends of the nervures spotted with white, some- 

 what darker through the middle. The hind 

 wings are brownish with a central lunule and 



