'50 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



towards the inner margin, the anterior forming 

 two convex curves on the outer side, whilst 

 the posterior is somewhat indistinct behind 

 the reniform stigma. Tliere is a long white 

 claviform stigma, a black, broad (generally 

 white-centred) small orbicular and a white reni- 

 form stigma, a blackish, central shade which is 

 sometimes indistinct, black longitudinal streaks 

 in front of the apices in the position of the sub- 

 marginal line and white nervures intersecting 

 the fringes throughout their length. The hind 

 wings are brownish with a broad black border, 

 a yellow marginal line and white fringes. The 

 head is brown, the thorax marbled with brown 

 and white, with a dark transverse stripe over 

 the erect collar and a double tuft on the scutel- 

 lum. The abdomen is brown with yellowish 

 tufts of hair on the sides and at the tip. It is 

 common in many parts of Central Europe in 

 May and June, but does not appear to be found 

 in Britain. The larva is fusiform, lemon-yellow 

 on the back, with two broad black lateral 

 stripes intersected by numerous pearly grey 

 transverse dashes. There are fine black and 

 blue dots above the prolegs and belly. The 

 head is bluish dotted with black. It lives 

 from June to August on Linariei. The pupa 

 is dull yellowish brown with a very long pro- 

 boscis-sheath, and is enclosed in a firm parch- 

 ment-like cocoon. 



Genus Cleophana, Boisd. 



Resembles the last genus, but has the head 

 retracted and clothed with bristly hair, a tuft 

 of hair at the base of the antennae, which are 

 very thick and almost filiform in the males, 

 and short fore wings much widened externally. 

 The species of this genus all inhabit South 

 Europe. 



C. antirrhini, Hiibn. Fore wings pale 

 brownish or whitish grey with light strongly 

 dentated transverse lines, bordered on the inner 

 side with black. The two stigmata are dark 

 brown, the small round orbicular stigma being 

 completely and the elongated reniform on the 

 inner side only finely edged with white. The 

 fringes are spotted with white on nervures 3 

 and 4, 6 and 7 in the marginal area, and on 

 the last black streaks in cells 2, 3, 5 and 6. 

 The hind wings are whitish on the basal half, 

 the nervures and the marginal half being 



brown. The head and thorax are brown varied 

 with whitish, with a light and dark transversely 

 striped collar. The abdomen is grey with 

 light incisions. The joints of the antennae are 

 laminated below in the males. It is common 

 in Austria and Hungary and occurs also in 

 Bavaria. The larva is long and slender, green 

 with a broad whitish dorsal and lateral stripe, 

 brown spiracles and a few fine longitudinal 

 lines between them. The belly and legs are 

 yellowish white. The head is light brown with 

 a whitish triangle and longitudinal lines dotted 

 with dark brown. It lives in Summer on 

 Sctibiosti. The pupa is contained in a loose 

 cocoon in the ground. 



FAMILY 



C U C U L L I D ^E. 



Thorax arched, square, \\ith fine smooth 

 hair, and a raised hood-like collar. The ab- 

 domen is elongated, projecting one third beyond 

 the anal angle, with a long brush-like anal tuft. 

 The legs are short and unarmed and the eyes 

 are ciliated. The antenna are setiform and 

 shortly ciliated in the males. The fore wings 

 are narrow, and lanceolate; the hind wings 

 narrow with nervure 5 slender. The larvae are 

 smooth and shining, generally brighth' marked, 

 some with short fleshy humps. They sit in 

 the day-time on the food plant, which thev 

 resemble, and jump away if disturbed. They 

 pass into the pupa-state in the ground in a 

 stout cocoon which is mixed with particles of 

 earth. The moths appear in Spring often 

 after passing two years in the pupa. They 

 may frequently be found on trunks of trees, 

 on fences, etc. 



Genus Cucullia, Schrank. 



The only genus, has the fringes of the fore 

 wings dentated in some species, and entire or 

 only slightly sinuated in the others. The 

 fringes of the first division are strongly sinuated. 

 C. verbasci, Linn. The Mullein. PL 

 XXVII. fig. 3. Larva 3a. is common in Central 

 and Southern Europe in Ma\'. The larva is 

 found in Summer till Autumn on variouf 

 species of Verbascmii, gregariously when young, 

 singly when more mature. The pupa is yel- 

 lowish brown with a blackish vertex and eyes. 

 It is contained in a firm earthy cocoon. 



