BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



157 



C. scrophulariae, V/. \'. The Water Be- 

 tony closel}' resembles the last species, but 

 the fore wings are pale ochreous with a black- 

 ish brown stripe along the costa and inner 

 margin, only slightly reddish beyond the middle ; 

 the submarginal line forms two whitish crescents 

 in the stripe on the inner margin. It is found 

 in Central Europe in May and June. In 

 England it is confined to the South and West. 

 The larva is smaller and more slender than 

 that of verbasci. It is greenish white with a 

 light yellow spot on the back of each segment 

 and several on the sides. The second and last 

 ■segment are dotted with black and the fourth 

 and fifth have large and small black dots and 

 a black hooklet, directed backwards, on each 

 side of the yellow dorsal spot. On the other 

 segments on each side of the dorsal spot 

 there is a black dot in front and a black hook- 

 let behind, and there are also large and small 

 black spots on the sides. It has short, scat- 

 tered hairs, finer than in verbasci. The head 

 is brcAvnish yellow, dotted with black. It feeds 

 on the flowers of Scrophnlaria and Verhascitm in 

 August and September. 



C. lychnitis, Ramb. The Striped Lychnis 

 resembles the last species but with lighter and 

 more uniform fore wings, and finer dots in the 

 situation of the stigmata. The hind wings 

 are whitish in both sexes with brownish hind 

 margins. It is found in Central Europe, but 

 is local. The larva is yellowish with black 

 and yellow spots, the latter connected so as 

 to form a band. It feeds on Vevbascum in June 

 and July. 



C. thapsiphaga, Treit. resembles the last 

 species. The fore wings are light violet-grey 

 varied with walnut-brown, with the gre}' costa 

 hardly distinguishable from the ground colour. 

 The borders of the two stigmata are indicated 

 by black dots; the transverse lines appear 

 also to be more completely formed. The hind 

 wings of both sexes are lighter than in verbasci, 

 but darker than in scrophnlaria. It is found in 

 some parts of Central and Southern Europe 

 in June. The larva is bluish white with a 

 broad pale yellow dorsal and a broad white 

 lateral line above the brownish, black-ringed 

 stigmata, and an indistinct white line between 

 them. The first two segments have each one, 

 and the others two deep blue transverse lines 



and fine dots. It feeds on the flowers of Vcr- 

 bascum thapsus in August and September. 



C. blattariae, Esp. Fore wings iron-grey 

 with a white streak, extending almost across 

 the whole length of the wings in front of the 

 brown inner margin. The costa is darker and 

 the stigmata are indistinct and are surrounded 

 by fine dots. The nervures are white on and 

 near the margins, which are rounded. The 

 hind wings are almost as light in the male as 

 in scrophnlaria and nearly as dark in the female 

 as in verbasci. It is found in South-Central 

 Europe in May and June. The caterpillar is 

 lemon-yellow with black dorsal spots forming 

 an X on the fifth and following segments, a 

 lateral spot formed of black dots and black 

 spiracles. The belly is light yellow with scat- 

 tered black dots. The head is light brown 

 dotted with black and divided by a heart- 

 shaped black mark. It feeds on the flowers of 

 Scrophnlaria canina in July. 



C. asteris, Schiff. The Star-wort Moth. 

 Fore wings bright violet-grey, especially to- 

 wards the margins and the well-defined dark 

 edging of the inner margin. Costa brown, 

 gradually paling towards the middle of the 

 wings, and covering the front half of the stig- 

 mata, which are similarly formed, and only 

 bordered with dusky on the inner side. There 

 is no trace of black dots in the discoidal cell, 

 no transverse or submarginal line. The hind 

 wmgs are brownish grey, a little lighter towards 

 the base, with white fringes. The collar is yel- 

 lowish grey, the tegulae are grey, with dark 

 longitudinal streaks in front of the inner margin, 

 the head, hinder part of the hood-like collar, 

 and the thorax are dark brown. The abdomen 

 is ashy grey with black tufts above. It is com- 

 mon in Central Europe in May and June. The 

 larva is green with a broad lemon-yellow dorsal 

 stripe, succeeded by a broad blackish or green 

 stripe, then a narrow whitish yellow one, which 

 disappears on the last two segments, and lastly 

 a broad pale violet or grey stripe and another 

 yellow one. The spiracles are black. It feeds 

 from July to September on golden rod (Solidago) 

 and asters. 



C. umbratica, Linn. The Shark. PL 

 XXVII. fig. 4. one of the commonest species 

 of the genus, is found throughout Europe 

 except the extreme North from May to July. 



