BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



.It is often seen sitting on fences, telegraph 

 poles, etc. The larva is dark grey with a row 

 of orange spots on the back and above the 

 legs. There are three orange stripes on the 

 pointed anal plate and a shining dark grey 

 head. It feeds on lettuce, sow-thistle (Sonchus), 

 Hipocharis glabra, etc. from Jtily to September. 



C. lactucae, \V. V. closely resembles the 

 last species. The fore wings are however 

 shorter and darker and the hind wings dark 

 brownish grey, somewhat lighter towards the 

 base. It is found in some parts of Central 

 Europe. The larva is bluish black with white 

 incisions, a row of large yellow spots on the 

 back and a yellow stripe on the sides with 

 black dots above the legs. The head is 

 shining black with a white triangular mark. 

 It feeds in June and July on lettuce, Sonchus, 

 etc., and is particularly fond of the flowers. 



C. lucifuga, W. V. Fore wings dark 

 bluish gre^', with the anterior transverse line 

 indicated more or less completely by long 

 hooks and tlie posterior by a long curve. 

 There are three black streaks, one from the 

 middle of the base in cell 4, a second through 

 the posterior transverse line and a third shorter 

 one from the hind margin and nervure 2, 

 curving from the latter towards the base in 

 cell lb. The marginal line has stout black 

 lunules and whitish longitudinal lines between, 

 which form sagittate spots on the fringes at 

 the nervures. These last are grey, banded 

 with white, and with the e.\treme tips also 

 white. The hind wings are dark brownish 

 grey, slightly darker towards the hind margin 

 with white fringes. It is found in Central 

 Europe in May and July and in August, but 

 is local and is not found in Britain. The larva 

 is black, shagreened, with a row of orange 

 spots on the back, two on each segment, 

 except the third and fourth, on which there 

 are three, and on the last, where they coalesce. 

 There is also a smaller row of spots on the 

 sides. The spiracles, legs and head are black, 

 the last being rough. It frecjiients hilly dis- 

 tricts, feeding on Prcnanthcs purpurea and sow- 

 thistle (Soihhus). 



C. campanulae, Freyer. Fore wings light 

 bluish grey with dark streaks and curved stripe 

 as in umbratica. The former are faint and 

 suffused with light grey, and the latter thicker 



and more oblique above the hinder angle. 

 The orbicular stigma is sometimes indicated 

 by a fine outline. The hind wings are regu- 

 larly dusted with bluish grey, and their tips 

 form a distinct angle. It is found in South- 

 Central and Southern Europe in June. The 

 caterpillar is whitish with small spots and 

 dots, a yellow row of spots on the back and 

 another on the sides. It feeds on Campanula in 

 August. 



C. chamomillae, \V. V. The Chamomile 

 Shark has the black lines on the nervures 

 and hind margins thickened and continued 

 beyond the hind margin to the middle of tiie 

 fringes. The variety chrysanthemi, Hubn. 

 is a dark form. The moth, is found in Central 

 and Southern Europe from April to June. The 

 larva is bright straw-coloured, constricted at 

 the incisions, with a rosy transverse band on 

 each segment, a dull olive-green dorsal line, 

 and another below it, which is waved and 

 interrupted. The head is light brown with 

 darker angles. It feeds in June and July on 

 Matricaria chamomilla: and species of Arthemis. 



C. tanaceti, \V. V. Fore wings light grey, 

 with a slight reddish shine, especially on the 

 inner margin and three fine black streaks ; a 

 long one from the middle of the base, a thicker 

 one from the end of the first, produced behind 

 the median nervure, and a third which is the 

 smallest further towards the hind margin in 

 front of the median nervure. The nervures 

 are somewhat darker towards the hind margin, 

 and are bordered with lighter on both sides. 

 This space projects into the darker basal 

 half of the grey fringes. The marginal line is 

 scarcely indicated. The hind wings are milk- 

 white, with bands of brown on the nervures 

 and on the hind margins, and with rounded 

 apices. The fringes are spotted with brown 

 in the basal half. The head and thorax are 

 like the fore wings, the collar is indistinct, 

 transversely striped behind, witli a distinct 

 darker transverse line in front of the middle. 

 The abdomen is light grey. It is found in 

 Southern and Central Europe, except the 

 North-West, in June and July. The larva is 

 pearly grey, dotted with black and streaked 

 with lemon-yellow on the back anil with two 

 similar lateral lines. It feeds in July and 

 August on Tanacetum, Artemisia, and chamomile. 



