4? 



BRITISH AXD ECROPEAX BVTTERl-IIES AXD MOTHS 



cell. Fore wings broad and triangular ; hind 

 wings broad and rounded. The larvae are 

 thinly hairy and without warts. 



E. jacobaeae, Linn. The Cinnabar ]\Ioth. 

 PL XVII. fig. 4 is common throughout Europe 

 in May and June. The larva is black, with 

 yellow rings and black hairs. It feeds gre- 

 gariously on Scnccio jacobaa and Tussilago in 

 July and August. The pupa is obtuse, reddish 

 brown, with a brown cocoon. 



Genus Nemeophila, Steph. 



Antenn;E pectinated in the males, serrated 

 in the females. There is an appendicular cell 

 in plantaginis. The bodies of the males are 

 slender. They are middle-sized moths, and fly 

 in the sunshine. The larvae feed on low plants. 



N. russula, Linn. The Clouded Buff. 

 Fore wings light yellow, with a blackish central 

 spot and inner margin. Hind wings yellowish 

 white, with a blackish central spot, a black 

 submarginal band, interrupted by the nervures, 

 and rose-coloured fringes. The female is tawny, 

 with reddish nervures on the fore wings, 

 reddish borders, and a black submarginal 

 band. There is a reddish central spot at tlie 

 base of the hind wings, which are black. The 

 bipectinated antenna^ the head, and the thorax 

 are coloured like the fore wings. The abdomen 

 of the female is light yellow, banded with 

 black, and that of the male is j-ellowish white. 

 It is common throughout Europe in May, 

 June, and July, especially in woods and on 

 heaths. The larva is dark brown, with a 

 yellow dorsal line, dotted with red, white 

 spiracles, and long foxy-red hair behind. It 

 feeds on plantain, dandelion, scabious, etc. 



N. plantaginis, Linn. The Wood Tiger. 

 PI. XVII. fig. 5. Fore wings black in the 

 female, with light yellow longitudinal and 

 transverse bands. Hind wings red, with broad 

 black spots at the base, black submarginal 

 spots, sometimes confluent, and yellow fringes. 

 The variety hospita, W. V. has white hind 

 wings, and is found in the Alps. The variety 

 matronalis, Freyer. has black hind wings, 

 and is also a mountain form. It is common 

 in woods and meadows throughout Europe in 

 May, June, and July, and flies in the daytime. 

 The larva is black, brick-red in the middle 

 on nervure 7, and is covered with hair, which 



is longer behind. It feeds on plaintain and 

 Lichnis dioica in May. The pupa is dark brown, 

 and has a loose cocoon under stones. 



Genus Callimorpha, Latr. 



Fore wings with twelve nervures. Nervure 

 7 rises from the anterior angle of the discoidal 

 cell, or from an appendicular cell; 8 and 9 

 rise together from 7; and 10 is separate and 

 nearer to the base. Hind wings with eight 

 nervures. Nervures 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 rise 

 together. The antennas are simple, with a 

 bristle on each side of each segment. 



C. dominula, Linn. The Scarlet Tiger 

 Aloth. PI. XVII. fig. 6. Larva 6a. This beauti- 

 ful insect appears about June, and is common 

 throughout Europe. The larva may be found 

 early in the Spring on thistles and nettles, 

 especially in damp places. It is fond of 

 sitting on the dried leaves in the sun. The 

 pupa is shiny reddish brown, with a very 

 thin cocoon. 



N. hera, Linn. Tlie Jersey Tiger Moth. 

 PI. XVII. fig. 7. This is even more beautiful 

 than the last species. It is local in Central Eu- 

 rope, but is commoner in the South. In England 

 it is a great rarity, except in one or two local- 

 ities on the South-West coast. The moths 

 appear about July, and frequent weedy slopes. 

 They are fond of sitting in the sun on thistles 

 and other flowers, sometimes in large numbers. 

 The caterpillar is black or greyish brown and 

 w'arty, with a brownish yellow dorsal line, a pale 

 yellow lateral line, and yellow hair. It feeds 

 until May on Lactuca, clover, raspberrj', Genista 

 oak, beech, willow, and other plants. The 

 chrj^salis is shiny reddish brown, with a grey- 

 ish yellow cocoon. 



Genus Pleretes, Led. 



Tills Genus has twelve nervures, like Calli- 

 morpha. The abdomen is stout, and the palpi are 

 large and covered with depressed scales. The 

 only species is the largest European represen- 

 tative of the family. 



P. matronula, Linn. Fore wings dark brown, 

 with four large pale yellow spots on the costa, 

 and a smaller one towards the hinder angle. 

 The hind wings are ochre-yellow, with satiny 

 black spots connected so as to form two bands. 

 The antenna; are setiform and dark brown, and 



