56 



BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD .MOTHS. 



and rounded behind, with ten or eleven 

 nervures, and short fringes. Hind wings with 

 a divided discoidal cell and seven nervures. 

 The females are maggot-shaped, but are pro- 

 vided with more or less distinct rudiments of 

 antennae and legs. Many of them have an 

 ovipositor. The larvae live on grass and cover 

 their cases with pieces of it. 



E. bombycella, W. V. The male is pale 

 ochre-yellow, with a brownish network on the 

 fore wings, and deeply pectinated antennae. The 

 female is yellowish grey, with shining plates . 

 on the first two segments, and a black one 

 on the third. It has also pectinated antennae, 

 and is provided with an ovipositor. The 

 moth appears in June and July, and is most 

 common in Alpine meadows and in Southern 

 Europe. The case of the larva is long and 

 cylindrical, with longitudinal pieces of grass- 

 stems. 



E. undulella, Roessl. The wings are 

 whitish, with greyish nervures, between which 

 run more or less distinct grey transverse lines, 

 giving the whole surface a net-like appearance. 

 It inhabits Austria and Hungar\'. 



E. reticella, Newm. Newman's Chimney 

 Sweep is white, with slender brown lines 

 forming a fine network. It appears in June, 

 and is confined to a few localities on the coast 

 of Kent. 



E. pulla, Esp. The Lesser Chimney Sweep. 

 All the wings are black, and so are the fringes. 

 The antennag are deeply pectinated. The 

 abdomen is black, with rough hair. The female 

 is light reddish brown, with yellowish dorsal 

 plates and a short ovipositor. It is common 

 throughout Central and Southern Europe in 

 April and May, and may be found sitting on 

 haycocks in the morning. The case is barrel- 

 shaped and covered with pieces of grass placed 

 longitudinally. The larva is reddish brown, 

 with pale lines on the abdominal segments. 

 It feeds on low plants till May. 



E. ardua, Mann, is a small species, with 

 narrower and paler wings, which is found on 

 the higher Alps in June and July. 



E. sieboldii, Reutti. is like pulla, but with 

 yellow fringes and more transparent wings. 

 The female resembles that of pulla, but has 

 four pale yellow dorsal plates. It is found in 

 mountain pastures in I'Vancc and German}- in 



Mav, but is rarer and more restricted in its 

 range than pulla. 



Genus Cochlophanes, Sieb. 



The antennae are pectinated in the males, 

 with short, conical, lateral projections, and 

 broad wings rounded at the tips. The female 

 is w'orm-like, with six very short legs, and 

 does not leave the case. In most localities 

 only parthenogenetic forms are found, and 

 males are only met with in the South. The 

 cases have the shape of a snail-shell. They 

 are found in hilly districts on rocks or walls. 

 The larvas are said to mine the leaves of low 

 plants, a habit which is otherwise unknown 

 among Psychida. 



C. helix, Sieb. The wings are brownish 

 grey in the male, with fine closely set scales. 

 The antennae are slightly bipectinated. The 

 body is covered with dark hair. The male, 

 which is known from South Tyrol, Italy, and 

 the South of France, lives only a few hours. 

 The female lives in a snail-shell-like case made 

 of sand on various low plants, such as Centaurea, 

 in the leaves of which the caterpillar mines 

 white patches. 



Genus Fumea, Haw. 



The fore wings are thickly scaled. The 

 fringes are rather long in the males. The 

 antennae are less pectinated than in the last 

 Genus. The females have slender jointed 

 antennae, and are also provided with legs and 

 an ovipositor. The caterpillars live on lichens 

 growing on trees and walls, and the females 

 leave the case. 



F. pectinella, Fabr. has rounded light 

 grey transparent wings, slighth- suffused with 

 brownish. The antennae are light brown. It 

 is a rare species, found in South Germany. 



F. nudella, Ochs. has rounded light grey 

 wings. The female is dirty reddish white, 

 with a whitisli down on the front of the 

 abdomen. The case is cylindrical, made with 

 earth and sand, somewhat bent, and narrower 

 towards the end. The moth is found on 

 sunny hill-sides, seated on Hieracium pUosella, 

 in the Spring. It inhabits South Germany. 



F. nitidella, Hubn. The Shining Chimney 

 Sweep. The fore wings are bronzy brown ; the 

 hind win'''^ <lark- brown. The antennae have 



