BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



165 



and the claviform stigmata are edged with 

 black, but the reniform only towards the base. 

 The marginal line is rusty brown, with a 

 projection, and from this to the inner margin 

 the suffused band is also rusty brown. The 

 hind wings are white with a broad black 

 marginal band and with the fringes black in 

 the middle and at the anal angle. It is found 

 in South-Central and Southern Europe in ^lay 

 and June. The larva is cinnamon-brown 

 dusted with black with an orange-coloured 

 dorsal and a yellow lateral stripe above the 

 legs, and with two fine longitudinal orange- 

 coloured lines between. The head is grey dotted 

 with black and yellow. It feeds in July and 

 August on Convolvulus, especially those growing 

 in vineyards, remaining hidden during the daj-. 



Genus Anarta, Treit. 



Small stout-bodied moths with expanded 

 fore wings, rather broad behind, the usual 

 .Vt)f/«rt-pattern and light chequered fringes. 

 The hind wings are black with a long yellow 

 or white spot; or yellow with a broad marginal 

 band. Nervure 5 is as thick as the others. 

 The head and palpi have divergent bristly 

 hairs. The antennae are almost filiform, gene- 

 rally short in the males and uniform!}- ciliated. 

 The thorax is not tufted. They fly briskly 

 in the sunshine. The larvae are smooth, with 

 sixteen legs, and are of uniform thickness and 

 delicately marked. They live from June to 

 August on heath and species of Vacc'uiinm and 

 pupate in a slight cocoon. 



A. myrtilli, Linn. The Beautiful Yellow 

 Underwing. PI. XX\TI. fig. 8. is common 

 on heaths throughout Europe in May and 

 June and again in August and September. 

 The larva is bright grassy green with five 

 elevated points on each segment which are 

 bluntly angular and white externally. It feeds 

 in Summer and Autumn on heath (Calluna 

 vulgaris). The pupa is obtuse dark brown and 

 is enclosed in a cocoon made with sawdust. 



A. cordigera, Thunb. The Small Dark 

 Yellow Underwing. Fore wings greyish black, 

 darkest in the central area with a shining 

 white reniform stigma centred with grey, and 

 the rest of the markings indistinct. The hind 

 wings are yellow with a black marginal band. 

 The fringes of the fore and hind wino^s are 



as in myriilli and the abdomen is greyish black. 

 It is found on moors in Central and Northern 

 Europe in June and July, but apparently does 

 not occur in France. The larva is reddish 

 ochreous with a lighter lateral line and several 

 larger and smaller dots on each segment. It 

 feeds on Vaccinium uligiuosum in Siurimer and 

 Autumn. 



A. melanopa, Thunb. The Broad-bordered 

 White Underwing. Fore wings grey, not 

 dusted with white, the reniform stigma being 

 darkest. The hind wings are dirty white and 

 in var. rupestralis, Hiibn. they are grey. It 

 is found in the Alps of Switzerland and the 

 Tyrol and in the mountains of Norway. It 

 has also been taken in the Shetland Islands 

 and at Rannoch in Perthshire. 



A. nigrita, Boisd. Fore wings shining 

 dark grey with only few markings. Hind wings 

 brownish black in the male, black in the female. 

 It is found in the higher Alps in July and 

 August and is scarce. 



Genus Heliaca, Herr.-Schaff. 



Palpi drooping with coarse erect hair and 

 no markings on the front and legs. Eyes 

 small and naked. Antennae thick and setiform, 

 slightlj- ciliated in the female. Fore wings 

 short and broad ; hind wings rounded. The 

 only species is: — 



H. tenebrata, Scop. The Small Yellow 

 Underwing. Fore wings rather pointed, light 

 and dark bronzy brown, with the central area 

 and the inner border of the indistinct submar- 

 ginal line darkest. The area between is lightest ; 

 the two transverse lines are distinguishable, 

 but there is no trace of stigmata. The fringes 

 are long with the terminal half white with 

 three brown spots. The hind wings are black 

 with a yellow band-like central spot and the 

 terminal half of the fringes yellowish white. 

 The abdomen is black with the posterior mar- 

 gins of the segments finely- yellow. It is 

 common in most parts of Europe in May and 

 June, and flies in the day-time in damp 

 meadows. The larva is whitish green with 

 a darker line on the back, a white one beside 

 it and another on the sides. It feeds on 

 Cerastium in June. 



Genus Heliothis, Treit. 

 Rather small moths, with the tips of the 



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