1 66 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



■wings rounded, and the hind marghis oblique 

 and sometimes slightly sinuated. The reniform 

 stigma is blackish, the other iVorf;w-markings 

 are more or less distinct, and the fringes are 

 without markings. The hind wings are coloured 

 with a black marginal band, and nervure 5 is 

 more slender than the others. The head and 

 thorax are smoothly scaled, and the antennae 

 are filiform and scarcely thinned at the tip. 

 The larvae are C3'lindrical with small warts, 

 each bearing a small hair. They feed on the 

 flowers of low plants. 



H. cardui, Hiibn. Fore wings olive-green, 

 with the apex long and obtuse, and with the 

 hind margins consequently very oblique. In 

 the place of the submarginal line is a narrow 

 stripe, and there is another through the middle, 

 and a spot- on the costa. The position of the 

 reniform stigma is lighter. There are no 

 other markings. The hind wings are black 

 with a whitish band in front of the middle, 

 abbreviated towards the inner margin and 

 whitish fringes. The head and thorax are 

 olive-green. The abdomen is black, yellowish 

 in the incisions and on the sides. The front 

 tibiae have strong claw-like spines on the upper 

 and anterior end. There is a horny ovipositor 

 in tlie female. It is found in South-Central 

 and Southern Europe in June and July. The 

 larva is greyish brown all over with wart-like 

 white dots, largest on the back. It feeds on 

 the flowers of Picris hieracioides in August. 



H. ononis, W. V. Fore wings greenish- 

 grey, violet-reddish on the inner margins. The 

 reniform stigma is very large with a broad 

 central shade and the band-like inner border 

 of the submarginal line, as well as the hind 

 margin, narrowly blackish green. There are no 

 other markings. The hind wings are greenish 

 white with a large black central lunule and a 

 broad black marginal band, with light spots 

 near its middle. The abdomen is blackish 

 grey with greenish white incisions. It is widely 

 distributed in South-Central Europe in May 

 and June, but is not common. The larva is 

 green varied more or less with brown. It has 

 yellow longitudinal lines and darker transverse 

 lines. It feeds on Ononis spinosa in July and 

 August. The pupa is slender with a loose 

 yellowish brown cocoon. 



H. dipsacea, Linn. The Marbled Clover. 



Fore wings pale olive-green with a broad rusty 

 brownish central shade through the dark-edged 

 reniform stigma, which on the inner half of the 

 wings fuses with the greyish band-like inner 

 border of the submarginal line. The marginal 

 line has small dark dots, some of which are 

 more or less distinct on the suffused band and 

 in the position of the half line. These are 

 all the markings. The hind wings are yel- 

 lowish white with a black central lunule and 

 marginal band which is spotted with lighter 

 near the middle. The abdomen is greyish 

 yellow, nearly white beneath. It is common 

 in most parts of Europe in June and July. 

 The larva is green, with fine black .pubescence, 

 and six white longitudinal lines, the lowest of 

 which, between the legs and the black white- 

 ringed spiracles, is the broadest and most 

 complete. The head is yellowish green. It 

 feeds on Cichorium, Ccntanrca, larkspur, etc. in 

 the Autumn. 



H. scutosa, \\'. V. The Field Southern- 

 wood ]Moth. Fore wings vellowish white and 

 olive-brown with lighter nervures. The two 

 transverse lines are distinct, darkly bordered 

 on the opposed edges, the anterior being very 

 obliquely bent towards the hinder angle and 

 the posterior continued on the hind wings, 

 where it is angulated in the middle. The three 

 dark-bordered stigmata form olive-brown spots, 

 and the submarginal line is light and xmcqually 

 dentated. The marginal line is composed of 

 black crescents, becoming white posteriorly. 

 The fringes are long and darker on the 

 basal half. The hind wings are yellowish 

 white with a large black central lunule, on a 

 blackish marginal band which is spotted with 

 lighter in the middle as well as the curved 

 line. The fringes are white in their anterior 

 half. It is common in Central Europe in May, 

 June and August, but is rare in the North 

 of England. The larva is greenish yellow, 

 varied with brown, with black star-shaped 

 hairy warts, similar streaks and three blackish 

 dorsal lines. The head is brownish red, dotted 

 with black. It feeds on the flowers of field 

 southernwood (Artemisia campcstris) in June and 

 July. 



H. peltigera, \V. V. The Bordered Straw. 

 Fore wings greyish yellow with the suffused 

 band rusty yellow, the two transverse lines 



