62 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



tween whicli are three white dots, and with a 

 white or deep yellow line on each side. They 

 live in nests in May on birch, lime, willow, 

 whitethorn, etc. The pupa is ochre-yellow 

 and is enclosed in a firm oval yellowish or 

 brown cocoon. 



G. catax, Linn. PI. XX. fig. i. Fore 

 wings golden-yellow in the male, with reddish 

 grey hind margins, and a yellow transverse 

 line, edged internally with darker. There is 

 a large white central spot, with a dark ring, 

 and an indistinct dark transverse line near 

 the base. The hind wings are reddish grey, 

 brown in the centre. The female is rusty brown, 

 with a yellow spot at the base, a yellow trans- 

 verse line, and a white central spot. The 

 antennae are golden-yellow. The abdomen is 

 stout in the female, with a thick woolly reddish 

 grey anal tuft. The moth is found in Central 

 Europe in September, but is somewhat local, 

 and does not occur in Britain. The larva is 

 quite black and smooth when young, but as 

 it grows develops yellow spots on the sides. 

 When full-grown it is thickly covered with 

 hair, and is yellowish brown above, with a 

 black belt, bluish black on the back, and 

 dark blue on the sides. It lives in nests on 

 sloe, birch, whitethorn, etc., in Ma\'. The 

 pupa is cinnamon-brown, and has an oval, 

 firm, smooth cocoon. 



G. rimicola, W. V. Wings light reddish 

 grey, with a white central spot on the fore 

 wings. The hind margins are somewhat paler. 

 The head and thorax are like the wings. The 

 abdomen is darker and very thick at the ex- 

 tremity, and is densely clothed with ashy grey 

 hair. The antennte are reddish grey. The 

 moth is found in oak-woods in September and 

 October. It is common in Central Europe, 

 except the North-West. The larva is grey, 

 with a broad blue stripe along the back, bordered 

 laterally with a black and then a white line. 

 On each segment are two orange spots. The 

 belly is ashj' grey, the legs blackish, and the 

 pro-legs reddish. The larvae feed gregariously 

 on the oak till May or June._ The pupa is 

 obtuse at the ends, light brown, with yellowish 

 brown rings on the abdomen. It is clothed 

 in a firm, smooth, yellow oval cocoon. 



G. trifolii, W. \ . The Grass Eggar. 

 PI. X.\. fig. 2. is common throughout Central 



and Southern Europe in Juh' and August, and 

 is considered somewhat of a coast insect in 

 England. The male may be seen flying in 

 the daytime, whilst the female sits quietly in 

 the grass. The larva is covered with dense, 

 soft blue hair, and has a white spotted trans- 

 verse band on each segment, and a pale longi- 

 tudinal stripe on the side. It feeds on clover, 

 grass, etc., till May. The pupa is yellowish 

 brown, and has a yellow barrel-shaped cocoon. 

 Var. medicaginis, Borkh. has uniform rusty- 

 brown wings. It is found with the type. 



G. quercus, Linn. The Oak Eggar. PI. XIX. 

 fig. 7. Larva 7 a. Our figure represents the 

 male; the female is ochre-yellow, with a paler 

 band. The under side is lighter, with a broad 

 indistinct band. The fringes are pale ochre- 

 yellow. The antennae, head, and abdomen are 

 of the colour of the wings. The moth is found 

 throughout Europe, except Greece. It is a 

 common British species, and appears in July 

 and August. The larva hibernates and feeds 

 in Spring on willow. Primus padiis, birch, 

 heath, whitethorn, oak, etc. The caterpillars 

 may be found in the daytime, sitting quietly 

 near the foot of the trees on which they live. 

 The pupa is dark brown, with black wing-cases. 

 The cocoon is brownish grey, dense, and egg- 

 shaped. There are several mountain varieties. 

 G. rubi, Linn. The Fo.x Moth. The wings 

 are rust)- brown in the male ; the fore wings 

 with two yellowish transverse lines across the 

 middle, and a suffused yellowish submarginal 

 band, zigzag on the outer side. The hind 

 wings are uniform rusty brown. The female 

 is greyish brown, with white transverse lines. 

 The antenna; are reddish brown in the male, 

 ashy grey in the female. The moth is found 

 on heaths and commons in May, and is plentiful 

 throughout Europe. The larva is velvety brown 

 above, with black sides, and long rusty brown 

 hair over the whole of the body. They are 

 often seen creeping about in the grass in the 

 .•\utumn before they hibernate. They live on 

 bramble, heath, and other plants, and pupate 

 in the Spring in a dark grey, not very dense, 

 cocoon. 



Genus Crateronyx, I^up. 



Middle-sized moths with fore and hind 

 wings of the same colour and pattern, a straight 



