BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



submarginal band, and imicolorous fringes. 

 Fore wings with twelve nervures, nervures 

 6 to 10 rising from a common stalk. Hind 

 wings with eight nervures, nervure S rising from 

 the base, whence a transverse nervure runs 

 to the costal nervure; nervure 5 runs from the 

 base and transverses the discoidal cell. The 

 antennae are deeply pectinated in the males, 

 slightly in the females. The larvse live singly 

 on the food plant. They are thinly hairy, 

 with two rows of black spots. The pupae, 

 which are brown, with two spines at the 

 posterior extremity, rest in the ground without 

 a cocoon. 



C. taraxaci, W. V. Wings pale ochre- 

 yellow on both sides, the fore wings with 

 a dark central dot. The antennae are brownish 

 yellow, the head and thorax orange, and 

 the abdomen is black with yellow rings and 

 tip. It is found in September in many locali- 

 ties in South Central Europe, but is always 

 rare. The larvae is light walnut-brown, with 

 thin orange hair, and a velvety black spot on 

 each segment. It feeds on dandelion in May 

 and June. The pupa is slender, light brown, 

 with a bifid tail. 



C. dumeti, Linn. PL XX. fig. 3. appears 

 in September and October, and is found in 

 Central and Eastern Europe, except Britain, 

 but is not generally common. The larva is 

 dark ashy grey, with a few orange hairs, two 

 rows of black spots on the back, and three 

 rows of red hairv warts on the sides. It lives 

 in sunny places on dandelion, Hieraciitni, etc., 

 in June. The pupa is rough reddish brown, 

 with two elevations on the back, and tapers 

 to a bifid extremity bearing four spines. 



Genus Lasiocampa, Schrank. 



Wings with wavy or dentated margins, all 

 with the same colouring and markings. The 

 hind wings often project beyond the fore wings 

 when at rest. Nervure 5 of the hind wings 

 rises nearer to 4 than to 6. The abdomen is 

 stout, with long, dense hair. The larvae are 

 somewhat arched, with thin hair on the back, 

 longer on the sides, and with transverse bands 

 on the back, and a tuft on the last segment 

 but one; the belly is flat. 



L. potatoria, Linn. The Drinker Moth. 

 PL XX. fig. 4. Larva 4a. \\'e have figured 



the female of this moth ; the male is similar 

 in pattern, but darker, with the margins of 

 the wings suffused with purplish brown. It 

 is common in Central Europe in July and 

 August. The larva hibernates, and lives in 

 April and May on various grasses. It is fond 

 of resting in the daytime in the cracks of 

 tree-trunks. The pupa is dark brown, with a 

 long, yellowish, leathery cocoon. 



L. pruni, Linn. PL XX. fig. 5. appears 

 in July and August, and is widely distributed 

 in Central and Southern Europe, but is rather 

 scarce. The larva is long, bluish grey, with 

 yellowish longitudinal lines, and faint whitish 

 spots with an orange transverse stripe on the 

 fourth segment, and a short tuft on the last 

 segment but one. The larva hibernates and 

 is full-grown in June. It lives on oak, elm, 

 sloe, plum, apricot, birch, etc. The pupa is 

 dark brown, black in front, with a tough, 

 pale yellow cocoon. 



L. quercifolia, Linn. The Lappet Moth. 

 PL XX. fig. 6. is common in Central and 

 Southern Europe in Jul\' and August. The 

 larva is ashy grey or greyish brown, with 

 darker and lighter spots, a dark blue band 

 on the third and fourth segments, and a tubercle 

 on the last segment but one. It lives in May 

 and June on fruit trees, Spiraa, roses, sloe, etc., 

 remaining quietly seated on the twigs during 

 the day. The pupa is dark brown, dusted 

 with whitish, and has a greyish brown elonga- 

 ted cocoon. Var. alnifolia, Ochs. is darker, 

 with a fine transverse line of dark lunules 

 beyond the middle, and deep yellow borders. 



L. populifolia, W. V. Wings 3-ellowish 

 brown, with the inner margins of the fore 

 wings and the costa of the hind wings red. 

 The fringes are uniform, not chequered. The 

 fore wings have five rows of indistinct black 

 lunules, and black transverse spots in the 

 middle. The hind wings are slightly dentated, 

 with indistinct black spots from the costa to 

 the centre. It is widely distributed in Central 

 Europe, but is always scarce, and is not found 

 in Britain. The larva is pale grey, with darker 

 spots, and has a dark blue transverse stripe 

 on the third, an orange stripe bordered with 

 black on the fourth, and a short broad tuft 

 on the twelfth segment. It feeds from May 

 to June on poplar and aspen. The pupa is 



