64 



BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



dark brown, dusted with bluish white, sparsely 

 covered with reddish brown hair. The cocoon 

 is light grey. 



L. betulifolia, Fabr. is rusty red, suffused 

 with grey. The fore wings are deeply concave 

 at the hinder angle, and have a broad light 

 grey hind margin. Through the middle run 

 two closely placed transverse rows of spots, 

 which coalesce at the inner margin. Between 

 these is a black streak. In front of the hind 

 margin is a row of faint brown spots. The 

 fringes are brown, with black nervures. The 

 hind wings are excavated at the apex, rusty 

 brown, with darker hind margins, and a dark 

 brown row of spots through the middle. The 

 antennae are yellow, with reddish brown pecti- 

 nations. The moth is common in oak-woods 

 throughout the greater part of Central Europe, 

 except Britain and Scandinavia, appearing in 

 I\Iay. The larva has short hair on the back 

 and long hair on the sides. It is bluish or 

 yellowish grey, with an orange transverse 

 stripe on the third and fourth segments, 

 containing one or two black dots, and with 

 a short hair\' tuft on the twelfth segment. It 

 lives in August on oak, poplar, birch, etc. 

 The pupa is short and stout, dark blue, slightly 

 hairy, here and there dusted with reddish. It 

 rests in a long yellow cocoon. 



L. ilicifolia, Linn. The Small Lappet 

 is reddish gre}-, suffused with bluish grey, with 

 a brown submarginal line, and white fringes 

 with brown nervures. The fore wings are deeply 

 excavated at the hinder angle, with two curved, 

 transverse lines composed of contiguous black 

 spots, and between these is a square light grey 

 spot. The submarginal area is bluish grey, 

 with a row of blackish spots, edged internally 

 with whitish. The hind wings are dark brown- 

 ish grey, lighter externally, with a broad 

 whitish darkly-edged central band. The antennje 

 are w^hite, with long brown pectinations (shorter 

 in the female) and a tuft of hair on the basal 

 segment. The moth appears in May. It is 

 found throughout Central Europe, but is scarce 

 and local. In England it is found at Cannock 

 Chase and near Sheffield. The caterpillar, 

 which resembles that of betulifolia, is rust- 

 coloured, with a black dorsal stripe, containing 

 white spots. It feeds on bilberry (Vaccinium 

 myrtillus), sallovi', birch, and oak in July and 



.\ugust. The pupa is dusted with bluish white, 

 and has a long pale \ellow cocoon. 



L. lunigera, Esp. Fore wings light grey 

 dusted with black, with two zigzag transverse 

 lines edged with black, between whicli is a 

 white crescent-shaped spot. In front of the 

 hind margins is a subterminal line, composed 

 of black lunulas. The fringes are white, with 

 black nervures. The hind wings are greyish 

 brown. Antennae brown, deeply pectinated in 

 the male, slightly in the female. The moth 

 is found in pine-woods in July and August 

 in many parts of Europe, but is scarce and 

 local. The var. lobulina, Esp. is almost 

 black. The larva varies in colour and markings. 

 It is blue or violet, with a yellow longitudinal 

 dorsal stripe enclosing a black, lozenge-shaped, 

 slightl}' hairy spot on each segment. There 

 are also oblique yellow streaks on the sides, 

 edged with black. On the third and twelfth 

 segments there is a large tuft of hair. It 

 feeds on fir and pine. The pupa is yellowish 

 brown, with a dense yellowish cocoon. 



L. pini, Linn. PI. XX. fig. 7. Larva 7a. 

 is common in June and July in the pine-woods 

 of Central Europe, often appearing in enormous 

 numbers. The caterpillars hibernate, and 

 subsequently live on fir, pine, or larch till June, 

 often denuding whole plantations. The chrysalis 

 is dark brown, with a dense yellowish cocoon, 

 and may be found on the trunk of the food 

 plant in the chinks of the bark. 



FAMILY 



ENDROMID.E. 



Wings with the margins entire, and with 

 short fringes. Fore wings with twelve, hind 

 wings with eight nervures, two being submedian 

 nervures, nervure 8 rising from the base and 

 connected with the costal nervure by a slender 

 transverse costal nervure. Head small ; antennas 

 bipectinated. Ocelli and frenulum wanting. 

 Abdomen projecting and covered with rough 

 hair. There is only one species. 



Genus Endromis, Ochs. 



Male of a different colour to the female. 

 Larva smooth, with a slight elevation on the 

 last segment. 



E. versicolor, Linn. The Kentish Glory. 

 PI. XXI. fig. I. We have given a figure of 



