BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



67 



on the back, with a luinip on tlie fourtli seg- 

 ment, which divides into two points. The anal 

 extremity is reddisli brown and pointed. It 

 lives on oak, lime, and birch in June and 

 September, and when yoimg mines the ends 

 of the leaves. The pupa is dark brown, dusted 

 with blue. 



D. lacertinaria, Linn. The Scalloped 

 Hook-Tip. Fore wings with unequally dentated 

 hind margins, pale ochre-yellow dusted with 

 white, with two brown transverse lines, the 

 inner of which is straight, the outer curved, 

 and with a central spot between them. The 

 hind margin is rusty brown, and in front of 

 it is an indistinct white transverse line. The 

 hind wings are pale yellow without markings. 

 The fringes are brown. The antennae, head, and 

 thorax are yellowish brown, and the abdomen 

 yellowish. The hind tibiae have only one pair 

 of spurs. The moth is double -brooded, ap- 

 pearing in Spring and Autumn. It is common 

 in woods in Central and Northern Europe. 

 The caterpillar is brown, and the whole of 

 the back is covered with warts, which, on the 

 third and fourth segments, bear sharp spines. 

 The sides are greenish brown. It lives on 

 j-oung birch trees and alders in June and 

 September. The chrysalis is slender, white, 

 and thickly dusted with darker. 



D. hamula, W. V. The Oak Hook-Tip. 

 Fore wings ochre-brown, with two pale yellow 

 curved transverse lines, midway between which 

 are two obliquely-placed dark spots. Fore 

 wings with straight hind margins, a pale yel- 

 low subterminal line running parallel with the 

 hind margin, and intersecting the hooked apex. 

 The hind margins are suffused with blue-black. 

 Hind wings yellow, with indistinct transverse 

 lines, and one or two oblique black spots in 

 the middle. The fringes are yellow. The head, 

 thorax, and abdomen are ochre-yellow, and 

 the antennas dark brown. The moth appears 

 in May and July, and is found in Central and 

 Southern Europe, especially in oak-woods. 

 The caterpillar is greenish brown, with a bifid 

 hump on the fourth segment, behind which is 

 a yellow stripe of varying breadth, running 

 along the back to the twelfth segment. The 

 hinder end is greenish brown above, with a 

 yellow line on each side. The head is brown- 

 ish grey, and heart-shaped, with two spines 



posteriorly. It lives on oak in June and Sep- 

 tember. The pupa is shiny brown, dusted with 

 bluish on the wing-cases. 



D. cultraria, Fabr. The Barred Hook- 

 Tip. Fore wings with straight hind margins 

 and slightly hooked tips, fulvous brown, with 

 two yellow curved transverse lines, between 

 which the ground colour is darker, forming a 

 broad band with an indistinct black central 

 dot. In front of the hind margins is a yellow 

 subterminal line, which runs to the tip and 

 intersects it. The hind wings are paler, with 

 the same lines as the fore wings. The fringes 

 are yellow. The head and thorax are brownish 

 yellow, and the abdomen greyish brown. The 

 caterpillar is pale brown, with an elevation 

 near the front of the back, and a light or 

 dark rose-coloured spot behind it. The hinder 

 end tapers to a point. It lives in June and 

 in August and September on beech and oak. 

 The chrysalis is shiny brown, dusted with 

 bluish, and with a slender hook at the end. 



Genus Cilix, Leach. 



Wings with long fringes ; antenna scarcely 

 half as long as the costa of the fore wings; 

 abdomen short; legs short with thin scales; 

 fore wings with twelve nervures, rounded at 

 the costa and apex. Discoidal cell with an 

 appendicular cell. Hind wings with an acces- 

 sory cell. The frenulum is absent in both 

 sexes. The antennae are bipectinated in the 

 males, ridged or pectinated in the females. 

 There are no ocelli. The front tibiae are 

 shorter than the femora. The other tibiae are 

 of the same length, and the hinder pair have 

 spurs in the middle and at the end. 



C. glaucata. Scop. The Chinese Character. 

 The wings are milky white, with long white 

 fringes. Fore wings with a large dark grey 

 spot in the centre, extending to the inner 

 margin, and a silvery median nervure ; towards 

 the inner margin they are darker, with bright 

 leaden elongated spots. Before the hind margin 

 are two rows of dark grey crescent-shaped 

 spots. Hind wings white, with indistinct 

 markings. The fringes are marked with dark 

 grey in front and lighter behind. The thorax 

 is white with a dark grey spot in the middle. 

 The abdomen is dark grey with lighter rings. 

 The moth is common in Central and Southern 



