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BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



lighter and darker. The hind wings are grey, 

 with a lighter transverse line and greyish 

 white fringes. The head and abdomen are 

 ashy grej', the latter being slender in the 

 male. The thorax is rusty brown, with the 

 collar sometimes bordered with paler. The 

 moth is common in Central and Northern 

 Europe. The larva is cylindrical, greenish 

 yellow, with black spots behind the head and 

 on the sides. The head itself is rusty brown. 

 It lives on poplar in Autumn. The pupa is 

 dull brown, and has a slender terminal spine. 

 It is placed among leaves spun together. 



C. octogesima, Treit. The Figure of 

 So Moth is distinguished from the last 

 species as follows: — The anterior transverse 

 line is divided into four, and is incompletely 

 bounded towards the base, and the central area 

 is expanded at the stigmata so as to represent 

 an "80." The colour of the fore wings is 

 moreover lighter than in or, and is more red- 

 dish grey. The moth is fairly common 

 in many parts of Europe in May and in July 

 and August. The larva is pale yellow, with 

 two black spots on the sides, behind the headi 

 and on the last segment. It feeds on poplar 

 in June and September. 



C. duplaris, Linn. The Lesser Satin 

 Moth. Fore wings of the same form as 

 in or, dark bluish grey, with two whitish and 

 several dark transverse lines, with a dark 

 central area which is lighter towards the hinder 

 transverse line, where two small black dots 

 are placed one above the other. There is a 

 whitish submarginal line, and a brown line 

 at the base of the fringes. The hind wings 

 are pale grey, with a lighter curved line, light 

 fringes, and a dark lunule. The head, antennae, 

 and thorax are brownish grey. The tegulae are 

 ashy grey. The abdomen is slender and grey 

 in colour. It is found in Central and Northern 

 Europe in May and August, and is not un- 

 common. The larva is slender, yellowish or 

 greyish green, with darker dorsal lines and 

 small white dots on each segment. It lives 

 on poplar, birch, and alder in June and Sep- 

 tember. 



C. fluctuosa, Hubn. The Satin Carpet 

 Moth. Fore wings grey, with two white trans- 

 verse lines, a broad dark central area, w-ith 

 a small faint black lunule, a wliite submarginal 



line, a dark interrupted marginal line, and 

 a small black dot at the base. The hind 

 wings are dirty white, with a lighter curved 

 line. The head, antennae, and thorax are like 

 the central area, and the front, collar, and 

 tegula; are light grej-. The abdomen is slender, 

 yellowish white, with the anal tuft almost yellow 

 in the male. The moth is found throughout 

 Central Europe in June and July. The larva 

 is yellowish white, with a dark brown head. 

 It li\es on bircli in Autumn. 



Genus Asphalia, Hiibn. 



Antennae stout and simple in the males 

 in all the species except ruficollis, in which 

 they are pectinated in the male and shortly 

 serrated in the female. The eyes are hairy. 

 The head and thorax have scales interspersed 

 among the hair. The front has a transverse 

 tuft. The fore wings are long, with short 

 oblique hind margins. Nervure 6 rises from 

 the inner margin of the appendicular cell, 7 

 and 8 from a common stem with g, from the 

 extremity of the cell. On the hind wings 

 nervure 5 rises very near to 4. 



A. ruficollis, W. \'. Fore wings violet- 

 grey, long and narrow. The inner margin is 

 much shorter ,than the costa, the hind margin 

 very oblique and short. The transverse lines 

 are rust-coloured, the front ones rather broad, 

 the hind ones narrower, with single black dots. 

 The central area has a rust-coloured orbicular 

 stigma, and a lunule likewise edged with this 

 colour. The fringes are darker grey. The 

 hind wings are reddish grey, with white fringes 

 bordered with grey. The head and thorax 

 are rusty brown, and the abdomen grey, with 

 a rust-coloured anal tuft in the male. The 

 legs are ringed with grey and white. The 

 moth occurs in March and April, and is rather 

 scarce and local, being chiefly met with in the 

 South-East of Europe. The caterpillar is 

 pale on the back, with white sides spotted 

 with black, and a shining light brown head. 

 It hibernates and lives on oak in May and 

 June. It assumes the pupa state between 

 leaves spun together. 



A. diluta, W. V. The Lesser Lute String. 

 Fore wings broad, with long slightly oblique 

 hind margins, pale ashy grey, with two brown- 

 isli transverse bands edged with darker inter- 



