84 



BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX DUTTERl-LIES AXD MOTHS. 



lateral line. On the third segment is a heart- 

 shaped brownish red spot, and on the fourth 

 and succeeding segments a blotch composed of 

 three warts on each segment, situated close 

 to the lateral line. The rest of the body is 

 covered with hairy warts. It lives on spurge, 

 bramble, cranberry, and gentian in June and 

 August. 



A. rumicis, Linn. The Knot Grass Moth. 

 PI. XXIV. fig. 2. Larva 2 a. is widely distri- 

 buted throughout Europe. It is one of the 

 commonest species of the Genus, and from 

 May to September may be taken by hundreds 

 at sugar. The larva lives till late in the 

 Autumn on various trees and low plants, es- 

 pecially sorrel and knot grass (Polygonum). The 

 pupa is black in front, reddish brown behind, 

 with two points on the head. It has a dense 

 cocoon. 



A. ligustri, W. V. The Coronet Moth. 

 Larva PI. XXIII. fig. 9. Fore wings browni 

 varied with dark green and white, with a darkly 

 centred pale orbicular stigma, and no trace 

 of a longitudinal line on nervure ib. The 

 central area is lighter in the front half, being 

 nearly white between the reniform stigma and 

 the costa. The hind margin has a row of 

 black dots, generally bordered with white on 

 the inner side. The fringes are dark brown, 

 chequered witli white. Hind wings brownish 

 grey, with chequered fringes. Head and thorax 

 white and green, with black borders. Abdomen 

 yellowish brown, with blackish tufts on the 

 front segments. The moth is common in woods 

 in Central and Northern Europe in May and 

 June. The larva lives in June and July and 

 again in August and September on privet 

 (Ligustrum vulgare) and ash. It spins a dark grey 

 cocoon, and passes into a reddish brown pupa. 



Genus Bryophila, Treit. 



Small moths with broad fore wings, with 

 almost rectangular tips, and the fringes some- 

 what oblique towards the hinder angle ; brightly 

 coloured, with distinct transverse lines and 

 two stigmata. The neuration is as in Acro- 

 nycta. The hind wings are without markings. 

 Palpi short and erect, with a globular extre- 

 mity. The antenn£E are provided with long 

 cilia. The head and thorax are covered with 

 depressed hair, and there are dorsal tufts on 



the abdomen. The larvse have tufted tubercles. 

 They live on licliens, remaining hidden during 

 the day. 



B. raptricula, Hiibn. Fore wings slaty 

 grey, varied with white and brown, with the 

 front transverse line curved towards the other 

 at the inner margin, thus constricting the 

 central area behind. The hinder transverse 

 line projects in a tooth towards the reniform 

 stigma. The region of the hinder angle is 

 much marked with white from the black 

 longitudinal line in cell 2 to the hinder trans- 

 verse line. The fringes are dark, banded with 

 lighter. The hind wings are light grey, with 

 a narrow indistinct dark marginal band. The 

 head and thorax are coloured like the fore 

 wings, and the abdomen is brownish grey with 

 a dark dorsal crest. The moth is found in 

 many parts of Central and Eastern Europe, 

 but is not common. The larva is brownish 

 grey, with two longitudinal lines spotted with 

 j-ellow and white. It lives on Sticta piihnonaria, 

 hiding itself during the day in chinks among 

 rocks, etc. 



B. fraudatricula, Hiibn. Fore wings grey- 

 ish brown, witli the anterior transverse line 

 slightly curved ; the posterior is straight as far 

 as the reniform stigma, then strongly curved 

 towards the base, so that the two are there 

 only half as far apart as at the costa. The ner- 

 vures are black in front of the black marginal 

 line. There are two similar longitudinal lines 

 in cell 2 in the marginal and central area, 

 w'hich is darkest from here to the inner margin. 

 Tlie fringes are banded with darker. The hind 

 wings are brownish grej', somewhat lighter 

 in the male, and without markings. The 

 head and thorax are like the fore wings, with 

 large dark dorsal crests. It is found in July 

 and August in Central and Eastern Europe, 

 but is rare and local. 



B. strigula, Ijorkli. Fore wings reddish 

 brown, shorter than in the last two species, 

 and broader behind, with the two sharply de- 

 fined black transverse lines edged with lighter 

 at the sides, the anterior being almost straight, 

 and the posterior uniformly zigzag. The pale 

 stigmata are comparatively large. In cell 2 

 in the central and marginal area is a black 

 longitudinal streak. There is a row of black 

 dots on the hind margins, and the fringes are 



