BRITISH AXD EVROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



a posterior transverse line. Fringes chequered, 

 brown and whitish. Antennas ciliated ; abdomen 

 grey. It is common throughout the greater 

 part of Europe in July. The larva is green 

 with the head and the three following seg- 

 ments brownish and a black spot on the back 

 of the fifth and twelfth segments. It feeds on 

 oak and whitethorn in May and June. The 

 pupa is 3'ellowish brown with a slight cocoon. 



Genus Thalera, Htibn. 



Markings as in the last genus. Hind wings 

 dentated on the hind margin between nervures 

 4 and 6. Antennae pectinated in the male. 

 Hind legs with only terminal spurs. The only 

 species is: — 



T. fimbrialis, Scop. This is light green 

 above. Fore wings with fine, white zigzag 

 transverse lines, the posterior continued on 

 the hind wings. Fringes chequered, rose- 

 coloured and white. Abdomen white; antennae 

 pectinated. It is widely distributed in Central 

 and Southern Europe but is not found in 

 England. It appears in July. The larva is 

 greenish yellow with a rosy red dorsal line, 

 the head and last segment with two red 

 points. It feeds on birch, whitethorn, sloe 

 and Bupleurum falcatum in May and June. The 

 pupa is whitish yellow with brown wing-cases. 



Genus lodis, Hiibn. 



Small moths of a delicate greenish white 

 colour with two transverse lines on the fore 

 and hind wings, the latter slightly dentated 

 at nervure 4, and with nervures 3, 4, 6 and 

 7, stalked. Palpi with a pointed projecting 

 terminal segment. Hind tibiae thickened and 

 flattened in the males. There are two pairs 

 of spurs on the hind legs in both sexes. Pro- 

 boscis spiral ; antennae strongly pectinated in 

 the males with the tips setiform. 



I. putata, Linn. All the wings are whitish 

 suffused with green with two dentated white 

 transverse lines, diverging near the costa of 

 the fore wings. The front is brownish. It is 

 common in many parts of Central and Northern 

 Europe, but is not found in Britain. It ap- 

 pears in May and June. The larva is light 

 green with small red spots. It lives on horn- 

 beam and alder in August. The pupa is green 

 and is attached to a leaf. 



I. lactearia, Linn. The Little Emerald 

 Moth. Wings more suffused with bluish, the 

 transverse lines not dentated and the posterior 

 somewhat more darkly bordered towards the~ 

 base, and fairly straight on the fore wings. 

 The front is greyish yellow. It is widely dis- 

 tributed and common in Central and Northern 

 Europe in May and June. The larva is light 

 green with rusty red dorsal spots and incisions, 

 and rusty red points on the bifid head and on 

 the anal segment. It lives on birch in Summer. 

 The pupa is yellowish brown, fusiform with 

 obtuse broad terminal points. It is attached 

 to a leaf like the pupa of putata. 



Genus Acidalia, Treit. 



Wings broader towards the extremity, gene- 

 rally rounded with entire margins, rarely with 

 indented hind margins. They generally have 

 a whitish yellow or grey ground colour and 

 sinuated parallel transverse lines. Fore wings 

 with twelve nervures, of which nervure 2 rises 

 from the middle of the inner margin of the dis- 

 coidal cell, 3 in front of, 4 from the lower, and 

 6 from the upper angle. Nervures 7 and 11 

 rise from a point from the tip of the appen- 

 dicular cell, 8 from 7, and g and 10 from 8, 

 whilst 12 springs freely from the sub-costal 

 nervure. The hind wings have eight nervures. 

 There is only one inner marginal nervure, 

 nervure 2 rises from behind the middle of the 

 inner margin of the discoidal cell, 3 in front 

 of, 4 from the lower, and 6 and 7 from the 

 upper angle ; 8 rises freely from the base, and 

 5 is as strong as the others. Proboscis spiral; 

 palpi with smooth scales. Legs and antennae 

 very various. 



A. trilineata. Scop. Wings golden yellow 

 witii three simple brown transverse lines, the 

 two posterior of which are continued on the 

 hind wings. There is a brown line intersecting 

 the fringes. On the under side of all the 

 wings there are only transverse lines. The 

 moth is found in Southern and part of Central 

 Europe from June to August. The larva is 

 whitish with a brown dorsal line on a dark 

 base. It feeds on Vicia dnmetorum. 



A. perochraria, Fabr. The Bright W'ave. 

 Fore wings bright ochre-)'ellow with the fringes 

 and marginal line interrupted, and some- 

 what darker. There are three undulating 



12' 



