BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



A. emarginata, Linn. The Small Scallop. 

 All the -wings have angular projections on 

 nervures 3 and 4, most prominent in the 

 female. It is reddish ochreous with two (on 

 the hind wings one) sharply defined dark trans- 

 verse lines, central dots and central shade. 

 The area between the posterior transverse 

 line and the sharply defined dark marginal 

 line is sometimes darker also. There is no sub- 

 marginal line. The fringes are slightly darker 

 on the nervures. In the male the posterior 

 tibiae are not spurred but in the female they 

 have two terminal spurs. It is common and 

 widely distributed throughout Europe in July. 

 The larva is slender, ochre-yellow, with a brown 

 dorsal line. It feeds in June on Convolvulus, 

 bedstraw, etc. The pupa rests between the 

 leaves of the food plant. 



A. immorata, Linn, is white, heavily 

 dusted with black, with three (on the hind 

 wings two) yellowish grey transverse lines. 

 The submarginal line is formed of a row of 

 white spots and is bordered on both sides 

 with yellowish grey so broadly that the paler 

 ground colour of the wing is reduced to a 

 stripe and in the male is frequently quite 

 obliterated as far as the submarginal line. 

 The marginal line is dark and sharply defined 

 between the nervures ; the fringes are chequered 

 with light and dark. It is common in wood- 

 land meadows in Europe ex'cept Britain in 

 June and July. The larva is light grey with 

 a lighter dorsal line edged with darker, two 

 dark brown dots on each segment from the 

 fifth and a sharply defined rust-coloured lateral 

 line. It feeds on heath in May and June. 

 The pupa is dark brown with two large and 

 six small terminal points. It forms a fine 

 cocoon between the plants. 



A. rubiginata, Hufn. The Tawny Wave 

 is brownish red with three transverse lines 

 on the fore wings and two on the hind wings. 

 There is a marginal line which is dark and 

 sharply defined, and a delicate submarginal 

 line and fringes which are darker on their 

 basal half. It is found in woodland meadows, 

 on heaths and in fields in May and June and 

 is common in most parts of Europe. The 

 larva is wrinkled, greenish with an indistinct 

 brown dorsal line and a dark streak on each 

 side of the head. It feeds on thyme till June. 



The pupa is brown with a terminal bristle 

 and is enclosed in a slight cocoon on the food 

 plant. 



A. marginepunctata, Goeze. The Mullein 

 Wave is grey dusted with black, with three 

 (on the hind wings two) dark transverse lines, 

 the anterior with three black spots. Towards 

 the base in cells 2 and 3 there is a submarginal 

 line forming a curve on all the wings and 

 bordered on both sides with bluish grey. The 

 marginal line is sharply darker between the 

 nervures. There is a central dot on all the 

 wings, elongated on the fore wings, round 

 and larger on the hind wings. The collar is 

 dark brown. It is common in Central and 

 Southern Europe in Jul}'. The larva is slender, 

 grey, with a darker dorsal line, four adjacent 

 streaks on each segment, and a similar line 

 on the sides above the legs, which has a 

 diamond-shaped expansion on each segment. 

 It feeds on stonecrop [Sedum) till May. The 

 pupa is brown with greenish wing-cases, and 

 is attached by threads. 



A. incanata, Linn. The Small Dusty 

 Wave is bluish grey, finely dusted with black, 

 with three (on the hind wings two) dark 

 transverse lines, the central of which is very 

 sharp, fine and zigzag, and slightly sinuated. 

 There is a uniformly broad light submarginal 

 line, edged on both sides with darker, a dark 

 central dot on all the wings and a similar mar- 

 ginal line between the nervures. It is common 

 and widely distributed in Europe from May to 

 August. The larva is light grey with a dark 

 dorsal and pale lateral line, with alternating 

 grey and orange angular transverse spots be- 

 tween black dots. It feeds on low plants in 

 Spring and Autumn. The pupa is brownish 

 with the head, and a streak in front, dark 

 brown. It has a loose cocoon and lies on the 

 ground. 



A. fumata, Steph. The Smoky Wave 

 is dull reddish straw-colour, heavily dusted 

 with darker, especially on the costa, with 

 three (on the hind wings two) reddish grey 

 transverse lines, the last of which is the most 

 slender, an indistinct submarginal line and a 

 marginal line, darker between the nervures. 

 There is no central dot and the fringes are 

 w-ithout markings. Both sexes have two ter- 

 minal spurs on the hind legs. It is found in 



