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BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



Northern and Central Europe in June, but 

 chiefly in hilly places. It is common in 

 Scotland, the North of England and Ire- 

 land. The larva is wrinkled, light wainscot- 

 brown with a darker dorsal line and whitish 

 angular marks on the sides. It feeds on 

 bilberry in May. 



A. remutaria, Hiibn. The Cream Wave 

 is pale straw-colour, very finely dusted with 

 darker. Of the three (on the hind wings two) 

 dark transverse lines, the posterior is most 

 sharply defined and most strongly zigzag; the 

 submarginal line is broadly bordered with darker 

 on both sides, and runs parallel with the third 

 transverse line. The marginal line and the 

 fringes are without markings, the former being 

 here and there darker between the nervures. 

 There is no central dot. It is common in 

 many parts of Europe in June and July. The 

 larva is long, slender, dark green, with darker 

 longitudinal lines and white spots on the an- 

 terior and posterior segments. It feeds on 

 vetches in Summer. The pupa is light reddish 

 brown and has a loose cocoon. 



A. nemoraria, Hiibn. is snow-white, with 

 three (on tlie hind wings two) dark transverse 

 lines, more distinct in the female than in the 

 male, but no other dark markings except a 

 few black dots on the marginal line, near the 

 costa of the wings. The female is smaller 

 than the male. In the male the fore wings 

 are brownish beneath with a very sharp and 

 zigzag third transverse line. It is found in 

 Switzerland and the Bavarian Alps in June 

 and July. 



A. punctata, Treit. is snow-white, finely 

 dusted with black, with three (on the hind 

 wings two) brownish yellow transverse lines, 

 the last being the finest and most strongly 

 zigzag, and rectangularly interrupted on ner- 

 vure 6 of the fore wings. The shading on each 

 side of the submarginal line forms two more 

 transverse lines. The marginal line is finely 

 dotted with black between the nervures near 

 the apex of the wings. The central dots are 

 wanting on the fore wings in the female. It 

 is found in Southern Europe in June. 



A. immutata, Linn. The Lesser Cream 

 Wave is white or yellowish, slightly dotted 

 with black, with the transverse lines as in the 

 preceding species, the third bcijig most uni- 



formly zigzag and the shading on both sides 

 of the submarginal line forming two additional 

 transverse lines. All the wings have a black 

 central dot and between the nervures there 

 is a fine black marginal line. It frequents 

 woods and is common throughout Europe in 

 May and June. The larva is slender, light 

 grej' with a dark brown stripe and dots. It 

 feeds on low plants in May. The pupa is 

 straw-coloured and rests between leaves on 

 the food plant. 



A. strigaria, Hiibn. is yellowish grey, 

 heavily dusted with black, with the transverse 

 lines as in the preceding species, the two last 

 being of uniform thickness on the fore wings, 

 not curved but somewhat oblique and running 

 parallel with the broad inner shading of the 

 fine submarginal line. There are no other black 

 markings. All the wings have a dark central 

 dot on the under side. It is found in Central 

 and Southern Europe in June, but not in 

 Britain. 



A. umbelaria, Hiibn. is whitish grey dusted 

 with black, with three (on the hind wings 

 two) rusty yellow transverse lines, the central 

 being the broadest and almost straight on the 

 fore wings, the posterior very fine and blacker 

 than on the hind wings, which are somewhat 

 angular on nervure 4. There is a very in- 

 distinctly shaded submarginal line, a marginal 

 line fine and darker only towards the apex 

 of the fore wings, fine black dots at the ends 

 of the nervures on the fringes, and a central 

 dot on all the wings, frequently wanting on 

 the fore wings in the male, but always present 

 on the under side. The front is black. It is 

 local in some parts of Central and Southern 

 Europe in June and July. The larva feeds on 

 vetches and grasses in May. 



A. strigilaria, Hiibn. The Subangled 

 Wave is dirty white, nearly yellow, heavily 

 dusted with black, with three dark transverse 

 lines on the fore wings, the central being 

 broadest, the third sharpest and most zigzag, 

 both faint towards the costa. The inner dark 

 shading of the distinct light submarginal line 

 converges in front with the third transverse 

 line. There is a sharp black marginal line 

 between the nervures, and a black central dot 

 between the first and second transverse lines. 

 The hind wings are distinctly angulated on 



