88 



BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



reddish brown, with fine terminal points, and 

 is contained in a brittle earthy cocoon. 



Genus Hiria, Dup. 



Terminal joint of the palpi long, thorax 

 scaly, with large divided anterior and posterior 

 crests. Front tibiae without bristles. 



H. linogrisea, W.\'. Fore wings pale violet- 

 grey, behind the submarginal line rusty red, 

 with the dark markings sharply defined, es- 

 pecially the outlines of the three stigmata 

 and the anterior transverse line. Hind wings 

 deep yellow, with a black marginal line, 

 and dark spots on the fringes. The head, 

 collar, tegulas, and transverse stripe in front 

 of the scutellum, as well as the scutellum 

 itself, are violet-grey. On the thorax there 

 are two double flesh-coloured crests. The 

 abdomen is gre3'ish yellow. The moth appears 

 in June and July, and is found in Central 

 and Southern Europe, but is not very common. 

 The caterpillar is brown, with a violet tinge, 

 and has an interrupted pale dorsal line, accom- 

 panied by a few small pale dots, an unbroken 

 whitish lateral line, bounded with black above, 

 and a few spots above the legs. It feeds on 

 primrose and other low plants in April and 

 May. 



Genus Hapalia, Habn. 



Terminal joint of the palpi short; thorax 

 rounded in front, scaly, with a small anterior 

 and somewhat larger posterior crest; front 

 tibiae with a row of bristles on each side. 



H. praecox, Linn. The Portland Moth. 

 Fore wings very broad, coppery green, marbled 

 with light grey. Most of the markings are 

 white. The half line, the two transverse lines, 

 and the three stigmata are edged with black. 

 The dark orbicular and reniform stigmata are 

 centred with reddish. There is a brownish 

 red sufi'used band, and the submarginal line runs 

 from the white apex of the wing. The 

 marginal line has black pale-bordered cres- 

 cent-shaped spots, and between it and the 

 submarginal line are several black longitudinal 

 streaks. The fringes are crossed by pale 

 nervures. Hind wings yellowish grey, with 

 pale fringes. Head and collar white. It is 

 found especially in sandy places in Central 

 Europe from the end of July to September, 



but is local and not always common. The larva 

 is yellowish, with a white dorsal and lateral 

 line above the spiracles. It feeds on low plants, 

 especially Sonchus, Artemisia, Echinni, etc., and 

 hides itself in the sand during the day. 



Genus Opigena, Boisd. 



Thorax broadlj' quadrangular, finely pubes- 

 cent, with a raised crest, longitudinally furrowed 

 in the middle. Front tibiae with a row of bris- 

 tles on each side. 



O. polygona, W. V. Fore wings broad, 

 brown, with the inner half of the central area 

 and the reniform stigma yellowish. The two 

 transverse lines, the submarginal line, and the 

 median nervure are paler. The transverse 

 lines are edged on both sides with black, 

 especially the anterior, whilst the posterior 

 is only distinctly black-bordered towards the 

 costa. The submarginal line has a black spot 

 near the base. The orbicular stigma is open 

 above, and is bordered with black spots on 

 botli sides. The reniform stigma is concentri- 

 cally ringed and surrounded with black, and 

 extends beyond the median nervure. The 

 claviform stigma is small, and surrounded with 

 black. The marginal line is composed of 

 black lunules, and the fringes are marked with 

 yellowish connected lunules. Hind wings bright 

 yellowish grey, with darker nervures and whit- 

 ish fringes. The tegulae and collar are edged 

 with darker and lighter, and there is a large 

 double crest on the thorax. The moth is 

 found in most parts of Central and Northern 

 Europe, except Britain, but is rare and local. 

 The larva is yellowish green, with white lateral 

 lines, and a white and green striped band 

 below the spiracles, which are yellow. It lives 

 on Plaiitago and other low plants till May. 



Genus Graphiphora, Ochs. 



Thorax broad and hair}', with anterior and 

 posterior crests slightly developed ; abdomen 

 conical : front tibiae with or without spines. 



G. hyperborea, Zett. Fore wings greyish 

 brown or violet-grey, with the base black; the 

 transverse lines dark and dentated, on a light 

 ground, and the discoidal cell filled up with 

 black in the neighbourhood of the two stig- 

 mata. The orbicular stigma is oblique, and 

 the reniform is pale grey, filled up with rusty 



