BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



191 



eleven nervures, ner\-ures 8 and g rise from 

 7, and 10 from the median nervure. On the 

 hind wings nervures 3 and 4, as well as 7, are 

 divided. The transverse nervure is slightly 

 curved inwards. Palpi slender, slightly pro- 

 jecting, with a very pointed terminal joint. 

 Antennae in the males with two rows of slight 

 somewhat clubbed serrations, set far apart. 

 Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. 



S. dilectaria, Hiibn. is greenish yellow 

 dusted with rusty brown, with the nervures, 

 the two transverse lines, the first of which is 

 twice curved and the second zigzag, and the 

 submarginal line brown, the latter being heavily 

 spotted with bluish grey in the hinder angle 

 of the fore wings, with a central spot on all 

 the wings. Hind wings with only one trans- 

 verse line. Marginal line and fringes without 

 markings. It is found in Austria and Hungary 

 in June and is scarce. 



S. cararia, Hiibn. is greenish yellow- 

 speckled with brown, with a brown central 

 spot, marginal and submarginal lines, the 

 latter forming three curves and touching the 

 hind margin on nervures ib and 5. The 

 posterior transverse line is formed only of 

 dots. It is local in Austria and some parts 

 of France and Germany in July. 



Genus Cabera, Treit. 



Middle-sized moths with broad, obtuse 

 wings, the fore wings with 12 nervures, of which 

 nervure 3 rises in front of, 4 from the lower, 



6 from the upper angle of the discoidal cell, 



7 from the anterior margin at some distance 

 from 6, 8 from 7, 9 and 10 from 8, and 11 close 

 to the stem of 7 and 8 but without touching 

 12. Hind wings in the males with a bare 

 spot at the base above, covered by the inner 

 margin of the fore wings. Nervures 3 and 4, 

 6 and 7 are divided, 5 is wanting, and 8 is 

 free from the base. Palpi slender, slightly pro- 

 jecting anteriorly. Proboscis spiral. Antennae 

 with long pectinations in the males serrated 

 at the tips, notched in the females. 



C. pusaria, Linn. The Common White 

 Wave is snow-white finely and sparsely 

 sprinkled with brownish grey, especially in 

 the marginal area, with three (on the hind 

 wings two) brownish-grey, uniformly broad 

 transverse Hues, the two posterior being almost 



straight, and with sometimes a dark central 

 dot, especially on the hind wings. It is widely 

 distributed and common in Europe in May 

 and again in July and August. The larva is 

 slender, wrinkled, green or yellowish, with an 

 interrupted red dorsal line or row of dots, 

 yellowish incisions and two fine straight anal 

 points. It lives in Summer and Autumn on 

 birch, alder, willow, beech, etc. The pupa is 

 shining brown with a simple obtuse end. It 

 forms a slight cocoon on the ground. Var. 

 rotundaria, Haw. The Round-winged White 

 Wave has all the wings rounded, and the two 

 inner transverse lines close together. It occurs 

 in England and Germany. Var. heyeraria, 

 Herr.-Schaff. is brown. It is found in Germany. 

 C. exanthemata. Scop. The Common 

 Wave is dirty white heavily sprinkled with 

 rusty red, less so in the female than in the 

 male; the three dark transverse lines of the 

 fore wings and the two of the hind wings 

 consequently appear indistinct. It is common 

 throughout Europe in May and again in July 

 and August. The larva is green with dark 

 dorsal spots on the middle segments, a yel- 

 lowish lateral line above the legs, and yellowish 

 incisions. It feeds on birch, alder, willow, 

 hazel, etc. 



Genus Numeria, Dup. 



Middle-sized slender moths with broad 

 wings, the fore wings sharply pointed, convex 

 and only rounded at the anal angle; hind 

 wings rounded. The fore wings have twelve 

 nervures ; nervure i rises from the middle of 

 the inner margin of the discoidal cell, 3 in 

 front of, 4 from the lower, 6 from the upper 

 angle; 5 is somewhat nearer to six than 4; 



7 is far beyond 5 and has a long stem with 

 8; 9 rises from 8, 10 from the stem of 7 and 



8 and touches 11, and also 12. The transverse 

 nervure of the hind wings is angularly inter- 

 rupted on the inner side and approaches the 

 hind margin below; the lower angle of the 

 discoidal cell is consequently more pointed 

 and elongated than the upper. Nervures 3 

 and 4, 6 and 7 are widely separated, 5 is 

 very slender, 8 rises from the base, resting on 

 half of the anterior border of the discoidal cell. 

 Palpi slightly prominent, directed upwards. 

 Proboscis spiral. Eyes large. Antennae slender 



