BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



195 



pupa is dark brown with tliree terminal spines 

 and four booklets on botb sides. It is placed 

 between leaves or on the ground. 



Genus Pericallia, Staph. 



Large moths with the fore wings slightly 

 dentated, and somewhat waved on the costa, 

 especially in the females, and the hind wings 

 strongly concave at cell 5. Nervures arranged 

 as in the last genus, only that nervures 6 

 and 7 of the fore wings rise at a distance 

 from one another. Proboscis long and slender. 

 Antennae pectinated in both sexes. The only 

 species is: — 



P. syringaria, Linn. The Lilac Beauty. 

 PI. XXIX. fig. g. This is common in woods and 

 pastures near water in Central and Northern 

 Europe. The larva is short and stout, nar- 

 rower in front, with three pairs of dorsal tufts, 

 commencing on the sixth segment, the last of 

 which is long and projects backwards. It is 

 yellowish brown or grey with a darker dorsal 

 line on the front segments, a reddish yellow 

 lateral line on the middle segments and a few 

 white dots on the sides. It lives in May on 

 honeysuckle, Syringa and Ligustrum, etc. The 

 pupa is short and stout, shining dark brown 

 with yellowish spots on the head and back. 

 It is attached between a few threads to the 

 twigs or between the leaves. 



Genus Therapis, Hubn. 



Middle-sized moths with the fore wings 

 sharply excavated in a crescentic manner at 

 the apex, and the hind wings uniformly zigzag. 

 The palpi are short and obtuse and project 

 considerably from the frontal tuft. Antennas 

 with long horizontal pectinations in the male, 

 serrated in the female. The only species is: — 



T. evonymaria, W. V. This is yellow 

 or brownish. The fore wings have the first 

 transverse line slightly indicated by a dark 

 spot. The third transverse line appears lighter 

 on the dark central shade, but is spotted 

 with lighter in front, and the wings are darkest 

 behind the central shade. Hind wings with 

 a dark transverse line through the middle and 

 a dark marginal area as on the fore wings. 

 Fringes of all the wings darker on the basal 

 half than in the marginal area, and the apical 

 half like the ground colour. It is double - 



brooded in May and August. It is local in 

 some parts of Germany and Hungary, but is 

 nowhere common. The larva is slate-coloured 

 dotted and streaked with black, with a narrow 

 yellow dorsal line spotted in places with blue- 

 black and with a broad blue-black line on the 

 sides. The spiracles are black. It feeds on 

 spindle-tree in Summer. The pupa is short, 

 obtuse, and brown, and is enclosed by a few 

 loose threads between leaves. 



Genus Odontopera, Steph. 



Large moths with the fore wings projecting 

 at nervures 4 and 6, otherwise slightly waved 

 like the hind wings. The arrangement of the 

 wings is as in Pericallia, only that nervures 



6 and 7 of the fore wings rise much nearer 

 together. The palpi are raised, with the short 

 terminal joint level with the frontal tuft. Pro- 

 boscis strong. Antennae with short clubbed 

 pectinations in the male, setiform in the female. 

 Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. The only 

 species is: — 



O. bidentata, Clerck. The Scalloped 

 Hazel. This is greyish brown, with hind wings 

 lighter, dusted with darker. There are two (on 

 the hind wings one) dark transverse lines, 

 approaching one another internally, the outer 

 one forming an uniform curve, on which are 

 white dots towards the hind margins. There is 

 a white-centred orbicular central spot and all 

 the wings have white fringes. It is common 

 in Central and Northern Europe in May. The 

 larva varies much in colour. It may be brown 

 with dark markings or white with black 

 markings, constricted at the joints, with the 

 middle of the segments rather angularly pro- 

 minent, and with a few bristles. It lives in 

 Summer on oak, beech and fir. The pupa 

 is very slender, dark brown with lighter in- 

 cisions. It is placed between leaves which 

 it has spun together, or in moss, etc., on the 

 ground. 



Genus Himera, Dup. 



Large moths with sharply pointed fore 

 wings, bluntly dentated on nervure 4 and 

 slightly waved on the margins. Nervures 3 

 and 4 of the fore wings rise far apart, 6 and 



7 close together, 8 and 9 by a stem from 7, 

 10 beside 7; 11 is connected by a short trans- 



