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BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUl'TERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



verse branch with the anterior border of the 

 discoidal cell. Two other short branches run 

 into the costa. Nervures 3 and 4 rise wide 

 apart, 6 and 7 close together; the transverse 

 nervure is angular with the convexity inwards. 

 Palpi short, proboscis slender. Antennae with 

 long feathery pectinations in the male, reaching 

 to the tip; setiform in the female. The only 

 species is: — 



H. pennaria, Linn. The Feathered Thorn. 

 This is reddish yellow, sometimes greyish 

 brown, with the hind wings lighter, shghtly 

 dusted with darker. There are two (on the 

 hind wings one) straight dark transverse lines, 

 the posterior being bordered with lighter at 

 the hind margins, with or without a dark 

 central dot on all the wings and a white- 

 centred orbicular spot near the apex of the 

 fore wings. It is widely distributed and com- 

 mon in Europe in Autumn, and many specimens 

 hibernate and appear again in April. The 

 larva is long, light or dark brown, with fine 

 streaks and white spots on the spiracles, and 

 two rust-coloured, white-spotted points on the 

 last segment. It lives on oak, birch, etc., in 

 May and June and forms the pupa in the 

 ground. 



Genus Crocallis, Treit. 



Large moths of a stout build with the wings 

 shaped as in the last genus. Nervures 3, 4, 

 6 and 7 of the fore wings are far apart, 8 

 and 9 rise by a stem from 7; 10, 11 and 12 

 touch one another. Nervures 3 and 4, and 6 

 and 7 of the hind wings are separated. Palpi 

 raised. Antennae with clubbed pectinations in 

 the males, serrated in the females. Wings 

 flat when at rest, with the inner margins over- 

 lapping. 



C. elinguaria, Linn. The Scalloped Oak. 

 PI. XXIX. fig. 10. is common in Central and 

 Northern Europe in June and in August and 

 September. The larva is very variable in 

 colour. It is greyish brown varied with yellow 

 or reddish, with brown transverse streaks on 

 the sides of the first three segments and pairs 

 of small dark warts on the others. It lives in 

 Summer on fruit-trees, oak, honeysuckle, etc. 

 The pupa is bright, shining reddish brown, 

 and has a slight cocoon between leaves. 



C. tusciaria, Borkh. resembles the last 



species and is dark reddish brown with a darkly 

 bordered central band on the fore wings and a 

 black central dot. It is found in South-Central 

 and Southern Europe, but is not common. 



Genus Eurymene, Dup. 



Small moths with the fore wings rectangular 

 at the tips, the hind margins convex as far 

 as nervure 3, and then contracted to the 

 rounded hinder angle. The hind margins of 

 the hind wings are convex between nervures 



2 and 4. Nervures 3 and 4 are close together, 

 6 rises from the upper angle of the discoidal 

 cell, 7 near 6, 8 and g by a long stem from 

 7, 10 close to 7, II is connected with the 

 anterior border of the discoidal cell by an 

 oblique branch. From thence there passes 

 a short branch to the costa. Nervures 3 and 

 4, 6 and 7 of the hind wings are separated. 

 Palpi somewhat projecting; front smooth; pro- 

 boscis spiral. Antennae of the male slightly 

 pectinated at the base, and then serrated to 

 the tip, those of the female slightly serrated 

 throughout. The only species is: — 



E. dolabraria, Linn. The Scorch Wing. 

 This has the fore wings ochre-yellowish with 

 numerous small fine rust}' yellow transverse 

 streaks and a violet darkly striped hinder 

 angle on all the wings. The fringes are dark, 

 not chequered, violet at the hinder angle and 

 with the costa dark violet at the base. The 

 head, collar and tip of the abdomen are black- 

 ish violet and the body ochre-yellow. It is 

 found in many parts of Europe in May and 

 again in July and August. The larva is brown, 

 finely streaked with black, pointed in front, 

 with segment 3 stoutest, a yellow transverse 

 line and dark brown crescents behind it, and 

 two warts on the ninth and tenth segments. 

 It lives in Summer on lime, oak, beech, etc. 

 The pupa is reddish brown, obtuse in front 

 and tapering to a sharp point behind. 



Genus Angerona, Dup. 



Large moths with broad wings, the fore 

 wings with rectangular apices and convex 

 entire hind margins; the hind wings dentated 

 in the middle of the hind margin. Nervures 



3 and 4, 6 and 7 of the fore wings are separate, 

 8 and g rise from 7; 10 and 11 run into one 

 another, and 11 and 12 touch one another. 



