BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



197 



Nerviires 3 and 4, 6 and 7 of the hind wings 

 are separate, the transverse nervure is angu- 

 larly interrupted on the inner side, and the 

 lower angle of the discoidal cell is pointed. 

 The palpi are short; the proboscis rather 

 slender. Antennae with thin pectinations in 

 the male, setiform in the female. The short 

 thick hind tibiae have two pairs of short spurs. 

 The only species is: — 



A. prunaria, Linn. The Orange Moth. 

 PI. XXIX. fig. II. which is widely distributed 

 and common throughout Europe in June. In 

 the variety sordiata, Fuessl. the ground colour 

 appears as a variously formed central band 

 with the basal and marginal areas darker, the 

 latter with a light spot near the apex of the 

 fore wings, and dark obtuse dentations on the 

 fringes of all the wings. The larva is brown- 

 ish, darker on the back, streaked with lighter 

 and darker on the sides, with a black lateral 

 line above the legs. It is thicker behind, 

 wrinkled on the sides, with large and small 

 humps and warts on the back, the first and 

 last of which have a long bristle. It lives on 

 various bushes — sloe, whitethorn, broom, etc. 

 The pupa is reddish brown, darker on the 

 wing-cases, and has a loose cocoon between 

 leaves. 



Genus Urapteryx, Leach. 



Large moths with sharply pointed fore 

 wings, and with a tail at nervure 4 of the 

 hind wings. Nervures 3 and 4, 6 and 7 of 

 the fore wings are close together ; 8 and 9 rise 

 in a common stem from 7; 10 and 11 touch 

 one another. Nervures 3 and 4 of the hind 

 wings rise from a point, 6 and 7 close to- 

 gether; 4 and 6 converge towards the hind 

 margin and 5 is wanting. Palpi thin with 

 a short terminal joint. Antenns setiform in 

 both sexes, only slightly ciliated in the male. 

 Hind tibiae with two pairs of short spurs. 

 The only species is : — 



U. sambucaria, Linn. The Swallow-tall 

 Moth. PI. XXIX. fig. 12. This is common 

 throughout Europe in June and July. The 

 larva is dark brown, reddish or yellowish grey, 

 with numerous dark lines, and a few humps 

 on the back, the two middle ones being largest. 

 It feeds in Autumn on elder, lime, willow, 

 sloe and fruit-trees. The pupa is fusiform, 



light or dark reddish brown with dark lateral 

 and dorsal spots. It is enclosed in a dense, 

 sac-like cocoon on the food plant. 



Genus Rumia, Dup. 



Middle-sized yellow moths with broad, 

 rectangular apices and convex hind margins. 

 P"ore wings slightly prominent on nervure 4. 

 Nervures 3 and 4, 6 and 7 of the fore wings 

 separated; 8 and 9 rise in a common stem 

 from 7; 10 and 11 are separate; 11 passing 

 as a small branch from 10 to the costa. Ner- 

 vures 3 and 4, 6 and 7 of the hind wings are 

 separate; 5 is w^anting; 8 projects into the 

 front margin of the discoidal cell; and the 

 transverse nervure is sharply interrupted on 

 the inner side. Front, palpi and thorax 

 smoothly hairy. Proboscis markedly spiral. 

 Antennae setiform in both sexes, very shortly 

 ciliated in the males. Hind tibiae with two 

 pairs of short spurs. 



R. luteolata, Linn. The Brimstone Moth. 

 PI. XXIX. iig. 13. is common throughout 

 Europe in May and again in July. The larva 

 varies considerably in colour from green to 

 brown, is wrinkled on the sides with a trans- 

 verse projection on segment 7 forming two 

 humps, and with fleshy fringes on the sides 

 of the last three segments, as in Catocala. 

 There are three terminal spines. It lives in 

 June and in Autumn on sloe, whitethorn and 

 fruit-trees. The pupa is dark brown and has 

 a slight cocoon between leaves. 



Genus Epione, Dup. 



Middle-sized, slender moths with the fore 

 wings generally indented below the tips, and 

 the hind wings indented at cell 5. Nervures 

 2 to 7 of the fore wings are at a uniform 

 distance from one another, 8 rises from 7, 9 

 from 8, 10 from 11 (or from 7 in advmaria), 

 II and 12 side by side. Nervures 3 and 4, 

 6 and 7 of the hind wings do not touch one 

 another, 5 is slender, the transverse nervure 

 is curved inwards; the upper and lower angles 

 of the discoidal cell are of equal length. The 

 palpi project before the front ; the proboscis 

 is spiral. The antennae of the males have long 

 pectinations shortening towards the extremity; 

 in the females they are setiform. The hind 

 tibiae have two pairs of long thin spurs. 



13' 



