BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



a reddish brown dorsal line, edged with whitish, 

 a similar line on the sides and fine reddish 

 stripes between on the four segments behind 

 the head. From segments 6 to 12 there are 

 two brown sinuated interrupted dorsal lines or 

 spots. It lives on birch, oak and other trees. 

 The pupa is brownish, short and expanded in 

 front, and has an earthy cocoon. 



H. defoliaria, Linn. The Mottled Umber. 

 PI. XXIX. fig. 15. Larva 15a. is common in 

 Central and Northern Europe in September 

 and October, especially in woods. It varies 

 considerably in colour, from straw-colour to 

 golden yellow or rusty-red. The larva feeds 

 on almost every tree and shrub in Ma}' and 

 June. The pupa is reddish brown with a ter- 

 minal spine and has a slight earthy cocoon. 



Genus Anisopteryx, Steph. 



Middle-sized, slender moths, resembling the 

 last genus in the shape of the wings and the 

 scales, but the rounded hind wings are more 

 produced in the middle of the hind margins 

 and are lighter in colour than the fore wings. 

 The fore wings have two transverse lines 

 across the middle, formed of crescents; the 

 hind wings have a fine posterior transverse 

 line and there is a dark central dot on all the 

 wings. The female has short rudiments of 

 wings, a broad woolly tail and an ovipositor, 

 which does not project. The palpi are ver}- 

 short and slender; the proboscis is wanting; 

 the antennas are very fine in the males, with 

 projecting joints, each with a long downy tuft ; 

 setiform in the females. Front legs very long, 

 hind legs very short, the tibiee with two pairs 

 of spurs, which are very short in the females. 

 The arrangement of the nervures is peculiar. 

 The discoidal cell of all the wings takes up 

 two-thirds of their entire length. Nervures 

 3, 4 and 5 of the fore wings run at an equal 

 distance from one another, 6 and 7 rise in a 

 point at the upper angle of the discoidal cell, 

 8 and g in a point from the middle of 7, 10 

 and II side by side from the front border of 

 the discoidal cell near 7, and run next to 12, 

 close to the stem of 7 and 8, separate to the 

 costa. The transverse nervure of the hind 

 wings is angularly interrupted on the inner 

 side, the lower branch is strongly curved 

 towards the hind margin ; hence the lower angle 



is more acute and longer than the upper. 

 Nervure la is close to the inner margin, as 

 far as the anal angle, ib is at a distance from 

 it and runs into the hind margin, 3 and 4 

 are separate, 6 and 7 rise from a point, 5 is 

 somewhat more slender than the others, and 

 nearer to 4 than 6, 8 rises from the middle of 

 the anterior margin of the discoidal cell. 



A. aceraria, W. V. is pale ochre-yellow, 

 finely dusted with darker, with two moderately 

 dentated transverse lines on the fore wings, 

 and paler hind wings. All the wings have a 

 dull dark central dot. The female is rusty 

 brown with grey rings on the abdomen and 

 a tuft of grey wool at the extremity. It is 

 found in Western Europe, except the British 

 Isles, in late Autumn. The larva is green 

 with two white longitudinal lines on each side 

 of the back, yellow lateral lines above the legs 

 and yellow incisions. It lives on maple and 

 other trees. The pupa is reddish brown, 

 expanded in front, and is subterranean. 



A. sescularia, W. V, The March Moth 

 is brownish grey with two strongly zigzag 

 transverse lines on the fore wings suffused 

 with white on the sides distant from one 

 another, a central dot, a dark oblique streak 

 from the apex of the wings and a dark mar- 

 ginal line, expanded on the nervures. Hind 

 wings paler and more transparent, with a central 

 dot sometimes with a paler central line and 

 a marginal line as on the fore wings. The 

 female is grey, chequered with lighter on the 

 thorax. It is common in Central Europe in 

 early Spring. The larva is pale green with 

 a fine light longitudinal stripe on both sides 

 of the back and one above the legs. It feeds 

 on horse-chestnut, sloe, Ugiistrum, etc. The 

 pupa is subterranean. 



Genus Phigalia, Dup. 



The males are large 5oH/Zy'.v-like moths 

 with a slender abdomen, the head and thorax 

 covered with bushy hair, which forms an erect 

 tuft in front. Palpi thick and short. Proboscis 

 consisting of two short threads. Antenna; 

 slender with long ciliated pectinations shorter 

 beyond the middle. Legs short with the femora 

 and tibiae covered with long hair, the posterior 

 with two pairs of spurs. Tlie discoidal cell 

 of all the wings is two-tlnrds of the length 



