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BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



B. zonarius, W. V. The Belted Beauty 

 is greyish brown, with the basal area of the 

 fore wings brown, containing only a longi- 

 tudinal streak, two straight white parallel bands 

 in the margfinal area, black nervures and 

 marginal line and unspotted fringes, white 

 at the tips. The head and thorax are greyish 

 brown, the latter with two whitish longitudinal 

 streaks. The abdomen is greyish brown with 

 reddish transverse incisions. The antennse 

 are black. The wingless female is black with 

 the hind margin of the abdomen finely reddish. 

 It is found in Central and Western Europe, 

 in April, but almost always singly. In Eng- 

 land it is found only in a few localities on the 

 coast. The larva is pale green merging into 

 bluish, with two slender dorsal lines bounded 

 by fine dots, a deep yellow lateral line, edged 

 below with black; yellow incisions, and black 

 dots on the belly and anal plate. It lives in 

 Summer till Autumn on low plants, such as 

 yarrow. Salvia pratensis, and also on honey- 

 suckle, etc. The pupa is blackish brown with 

 a double-forked terminal spine, and is sub- 

 terranean. 



B. hirtarius, Clerck. The Brindled Beauty. 

 PI. XXX. fig. 2. Larva 2a. Pupa 2b. is com- 

 mon in Central and Southern Europe, and is 

 found sitting on the trunks of trees in early 

 Spring. The larva is very variable in colour 

 and lives on fruit and other trees in August 

 and September. The pupa hibernates in a 

 cavity in the ground. 



B. stratarius, Hufn. The Oak Beauty. 

 PI. XXX. fig. 3. is common in Central Europe 

 in early Spring. The larva is ashy grey or 

 brown, with a lighter head, two warts on the 

 back of the ninth segment and sometimes one 

 on the twelfth. It feeds in August and Sep- 

 tember on various trees, especially birch, lime, 

 poplar, willow and oak. The pupa is slender, 

 shining blackish grey and is subterranean. 



Genus Amphidasis, Treit. 



Large Bomhyx-\\ke slender moths. The 

 shape of the wings is as in Biston, but with 

 the hind margins of the fore wings straighter 

 and with their apices more prominent. They 

 are distinguished also from this genus by the 

 smooth-scaled body, horizontal palpi, and the 

 two pairs of spurs on the hind tibia;. The 



antennae are pectinated in the male, with long 

 bare tips; in the female they are setiform. 

 The wings are spread out when the insect is 

 at rest. The only species is: — • 



A. betularius, Linn. The Peppered Moth. 

 PI. XXX. fig. 4. This is common in woods 

 in Central and Northern Europe. The larva 

 varies much in colour, and may be ashy grey, 

 yellowish green or j-ellowish brown, shagreened 

 and finely pubescent. The head is divided, 

 and the first three segments behind it are 

 stout. There are angular warts on segments 

 2, 9 and 12, brown-edged spiracles and w'hitish 

 fringes between the prolegs and claspers. It 

 lives on birch, oak, ash, willow, poplar, etc. 

 The pupa is shining blackish brown, stout and 

 obtuse, with a simple notched terminal spine 

 and two prominences on the head. It is sub- 

 terranean. The variety doubledayaria. Mill, 

 has the wings almost entirely black. It is 

 chiefly found in Britain. 



Genus Boarmia, Treit. 



Large and middle-sized moths, coloured 

 like the bark of trees, upon which they are in 

 the habit of resting, with large wings, some- 

 what projecting rounded apices, and oblique 

 hind margins to the fore wings, which are 

 more rounded behind the apices than at the 

 hinder angle and have slightly waved margins. 

 The males have a bare groove on the under 

 side of the fore wings. The females are like 

 the males but with a thicker abdomen. The 

 palpi, head and thorax are coarsely scaled, 

 and the palpi only slightly project beyond the 

 front. The proboscis is horny and spiral. 

 Nervures 3 and 4, 6 and 7 of all the wings 

 are separate; 5 is midway between 4 and 6 

 on the hind wings and is very slender. Ner- 

 vures 8 and 9 of the fore wings rise by a stem 

 from 7; 10 from the stalk of 7; 8 and 11 run 

 close to 12. Nervures la and ib of the hind 

 wings are close together and near the inner 

 margin, the former ending in the middle, the 

 latter at the anal angle. Nervure 8 runs from 

 the base and lies at first on the anterior border 

 of the discoidal cell. 



B. cinctaria, W. V. The Ringed Carpet 

 Moth is whitish grey, thickly dusted with 

 brown, lightest in the central area. Fore 

 wings with distinct double dark transverse 



