BRITISH AKD EUROPEAN BUTTERFIIES AND MOTHS. 



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common in woods in Central and some parts 

 of Southern Europe in July. The larva has 

 humps, is broad, greyish green, varied with 

 yellow, with brown dorsal dots, similar ones 

 on the sides of the first three segments behind 

 the head, and a black sinuated lateral line 

 commencing on the fifth segment. It feeds on 

 lichens growing on oaks. The pupa is slender 

 with a few hooklets at tlie anal extremity, 

 dark brown with violet incisions. It is situated 

 between lichens on trees. 



B. glabraria, Hiibn. The Dotted Carpet 

 is dirty white, sparsely dusted with darker. 

 Fore wings with two black transverse lines, 

 generally composed of dots and expanded into 

 spots at the costa; the posterior is somewhat 

 angularly interrupted in front and forms fine 

 dentations towards the base. There is a large 

 central spot, continued to the costa ; a submar- 

 ginal line, regularly zigzag, broadly bordered 

 with dark brown or rust-colour on both sides, 

 especially towards the light apices of the wings ; 

 the marginal line and fringes consequently 

 appear irregularly spotted. Hind wings with 

 a central dot, a posterior indistinct transverse 

 line, a black spotted marginal line between the 

 nervures, and dark fringes on the nervures; 

 otherwise they are like the fore wings. It is 

 found in Central Europe in July. The larva 

 is greyish green with black spots and closely 

 resembles that of lichenaria. It feeds on lichens 

 growing on pine trees. The pupa is found 

 among the food plants. 



B. selenaria, W. V. is whitish grey, heavily 

 dusted with brown, with two transverse lines, 

 rising from thick spots on the costa of the 

 fore wings, with a central shade between 

 them; the anterior transverse line is double, 

 and the posterior is sharply dentated on the 

 nervures near the hind margins. There is an 

 indistinct submarginal line, which is bounded 

 towards the inner side by a shaded line coming 

 from a spot on the costa of the fore wings 

 and meeting the posterior transverse line on 

 the inner margin, and there is a white-centred 

 orbicular spot on all the wings. It is found 

 in South -Central and Southern Europe in 

 June and July. The larva is blackish brown, 

 with rust - coloured interrupted longitudinal 

 lines, white longitudinal lines bounding the 

 black dorsal spots and black spiracles, edged 



with brown. It feeds on Artemisia campestris 

 in June. 



B. biundularia, Borkh. The Engrailed 

 Moth is grey, sliglitly tinged with ochreous, 

 with two dark transverse lines on the fore 

 wings and one on the hind wings. The an- 

 terior is short and near the base of the fore 

 wings, the posterior oblique and situated beyond 

 the middle. There are also numerous indistinct 

 transverse lines on all the wings. It is found 

 in Central Europe and is very widely distri- 

 buted in this country. The larva feeds on 

 larch. 



B. crepuscularia, W. V. The Small 

 Engrailed Moth is pale grey more or less 

 dusted with brown, so that the markings are 

 often very indistinct in the female as far as 

 the submarginal line. Fore wings with two 

 double transverse lines and a central shade. 

 The transverse lines, of which the posterior 

 is most strongly dentated on the nervures, and 

 is darker on nervures i, 3 and 4 of the fore 

 wings, are almost always interrupted. There 

 is an obtusely dentated spotted submarginal 

 line, suffused with darker in cells 5 and 6 and 

 black crescents on the marginal line between 

 the nervures. The fringes are darker in the 

 basal half. Hind wings marked like the fore 

 wings beyond the central shade, all the mark- 

 ings being, however, situated nearer the hind 

 margin. It is found in most parts of Europe 

 in March and again in June and July. The 

 larva is light or dark grey with a dark dorsal 

 line, rhomboidal spots bounding it on the 

 middle segments, brown lateral stripes and 

 spots, and with segments 3 to 5 much thickened. 

 It feeds on most trees and shrubs. The pupa 

 is slender and brown with greenish wing-cases 

 and a fine terminal point. It makes a slight 

 earthy cocoon. 



B. consonaria, Hiibn. The Square Spot 

 Moth is light grey, slightly dusted with brown, 

 lightest in the central area. Fore wings with 

 two double transverse lines, and a faint central 

 shade between ; the posterior is slightly crooked 

 and undentated, and is darkest in cell 3, near 

 the hind margin. There is an irregular zigzag 

 submarginal line, a marginal line and very 

 slightly chequered fringes. The anterior trans- 

 verse line is wanting on the hind wings, but 

 the central shade is visible at least on the 



