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BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



inner margin; the posterior transverse line is 

 continued from the fore wings, and the sub- 

 marginal line is indistinct. The marginal line 

 and fringes are as on the fore wings. The 

 first segment of the abdomen is white. It is 

 found in Central Europe in April and again in 

 June. The larva is brown with three yellow 

 dorsal lines and two brownish red lateral lines. 

 It feeds in Autumn on birch and lime. 



B. luridata, Borkh. The Brindled White- 

 spot is greyish-yellow, very heavily dusted with 

 greenish brown. Fore wings with three parallel 

 transverse lines, mostly broken up into spots, 

 the posterior only consisting of dots on the 

 nervures. The submarginal line is deeply 

 zigzag towards the apex, very darkly suffused 

 towards the base, expanded into spots in cell 3 

 and terminating in a light spot at the hinder 

 angle. The marginal line is more or less 

 distinct and the fringes are chequered. There 

 is a dark central spot in front of or on the 

 central shade. Hind wings heavily dusted 

 with the submarginal line almost obliterated. 

 It is found in Central Europe in May and 

 June. The larva is pale gre)', clouded with 

 brown, and feeds on birch, alder, etc. 



B. punctularia, Httbn. The Grey Birch 

 Moth is bluish grey, with the two transverse 

 lines brown, and the central shade and the 

 inner edge of the irregularly zigzag transverse 

 line of the fore wings distinct on the costa; 

 otherwise it is interrupted or completely ab- 

 sent. All the lines run almost parallel. The 

 posterior transverse line is slightly dentated 

 on the nervures towards the base. The central 

 spot is distinct here and there covered by the 

 central shade, with a fine dark marginal line 

 between the nervures, and the fringes are 

 darker and divided by fine light bands. Hind 

 wings with indistinct markings, generally with 

 only a few small spots, especially on the 

 inner margin, indicating the central shade 

 and the posterior transverse line. It is com- 

 mon in Central Europe. The larva is dark 

 brown with fine darker longitudinal lines and 

 small white streaks on the front of each seg- 

 ment. It feeds in Autumn on alder, birch 

 and hazel. 



Genus Tephronia, Hubn. 

 Small grey moths with expanded fore wings. 



rounded at the apices and at the hinder angle. 

 Hind wings without markings or at most a 

 sliglit transverse line behind the middle, with 

 rounded angles. There is a bare spot on the 

 under side of the fore wings in both sexes. 

 The antennae are slightly clubbed in the 

 males with long ciliated pectinations ending 

 near the tips; in the females they are seti- 

 form. Proboscis short; legs slender; femora 

 with single long hairs in the males. Hind 

 tibiK with only terminal spurs. The dis- 

 coidal cell of all the wings is long and very 

 much expanded externally. The fore wings 

 have only ten nervures. Nervures 3 and 4, 

 and 6 and 7 are separate; 8 rises from 7, 9 

 close to 8; 10 is the subcostal nervure. Ner- 

 vure I a of the hind wings is close to the 

 inner margin, ib runs into the anal angle, 

 5 is more slender than the rest, and is mid- 

 way between 4 and 6, and 8 rises from the 

 base and rests on half the anterior border 

 of the discoidal cell. 



T. sepiaria, Hufn. The Dusky Carpet 

 is violet-grev with two strongh' zigzag black 

 transverse lines; the posterior of which is 

 not interrupted, and a central spot, placed 

 somewhat forward on the fore wings. Hind 

 wings with an indistinct posterior transverse 

 line and a distinct darker marginal line be- 

 tween the nervures. The fringes of all the 

 wings are without markings. It is found in 

 Central and Southern Europe and was once 

 taken at Tenby in South Wales. The larva 

 is brown with a whitish dorsal line and trans- 

 verse streaks near it. It feeds on lichens 

 growing on walls and assumes the pupa state 

 among them. 



T. cremiaria, Freyer. is whitish grey, 

 coarsely and thickly dusted with darker, with 

 two black transverse lines on the fore wings 

 and an indistinct central shade between them ; 

 the posterior is only formed of spots on the 

 nervures, and the marginal line is not indi- 

 cated. The fringes of all the wings are whitish 

 with darker spots on the nervures. It is found 

 in France and the Tyrol in August. The larva 

 is moss-green with light warts on the darker 

 ground colour. It feeds on lichens growing 

 on walls. The pupa is dark brown with two 

 obtuse terminal points. It forms a dense cocoon 

 among its food plants. 



