BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



and half as long as the costa, strongly and 

 shortly ciliated in the males. Nervures 3 and 

 4, 6 and 7 of the fore wings are separate, 5 

 is midway between 4 and 6, 8 rises from the 

 middle of 7, g from 8, 10 near 7 and runs 

 separate, 11 and 12 touch one another. Ner- 

 vures 4 and 5 of the hind wings are separate, 

 6 and 7 rise from a point, 5 is wanting, 3 

 rises from the base, la terminates before the 

 middle of the inner margin, and ib ends in 

 the anal angle. These moths are found in the 

 Alps and fly in the day-time in mountain 

 meadows and about cliffs. 



P. coracina, Esp. The Black Mountain 

 Moth is shining dark brown varied with lighter, 

 with the two transverse lines on the sides 

 remote from one another, the submarginal 

 line and the hind margins bluish grey, some- 

 times suffused with yellowish; there is a deep 

 black lunule between the nervures on the hind 

 margin, and a more or less distinct central 

 spot. It is found on high-lying mountain 

 pastures in Central and Northern Europe, in- 

 cluding the Highlands of Scotland. 



P. alpina, Scop, is shining, unicolorous 

 dark brown, with the two transverse lines and 

 the submarginal line very indistinct. The 

 central spot is somewhat more sharply defined. 

 It is found in high-lying meadows in the Alps 

 and Pyrenees in July and August. 



P. quadrifaria, Sulz. is shining dark brown 

 merging into black, with a somewhat irregular 

 broad orange-coloured band on all the wings. 

 It is common in the Alps in July, and flies 

 in grassy places in the sunshine. 



Genus Fidonia, Treit. 



Small dull light-coloured moths, dusted 

 and varied with darker. Fore wings with 

 slightly curved hind margins, rounded hinder 

 angles and obtuse apices; hind wings some- 

 what elongated and rounded. Front, thorax 

 and palpi with coarse bristles, the last promi- 

 nent and pointed. Proboscis spiral. The an- 

 tennae are strongly bipectinated in the males, 

 slightly serrated in the females. The femora 

 are slightly hairy. Hind tibias with two pairs 

 of spurs. Nervures 3 and 4, 6 and 7 of the 

 fore wings are separate, 8 and g rise by a 

 common stalk from 7, 10 is next to 7 in most 

 of the species, but in fasciolaria forms a short 



stem rising from 11; 11 is the subcostal ner- 

 vure, I a has a bare groove at the base in the 

 male. Nervures la and ib of the hind wings 

 are close together, the former running to the 

 middle of the inner margin and the latter into 

 the anal angle ; 2 and 4 are separate, 6 and 7 

 rise from a point or are stalked (fasciolaria), 

 nervure 5 is absent. 



F. fasciolaria, Hufn. is pale yellow, the 

 fore wings with two, the hind wings with three 

 confluent reddish brown transverse bands, a 

 narrow band on the hind margin and fringes 

 finely dark on the nervures. Hind wings with 

 a white longitudinal streak which is intersected 

 by the transverse bands. It is found in Eastern 

 Europe in June. 



F. famula, Esp. Fore wings rusty brown; 

 sprinkled with darker, with four transverse 

 stripes, the two outer ones being close together; 

 hind wings orange with two stripes. It is found 

 in various parts of Central Europe in June. 



F. limbaria, Fabr. The Frosted Yellow 

 is yellow with a black marginal band on all 

 the wings. The costa of the fore wings is 

 strongly sprinkled with blackish and the hind 

 wings slightly so. It is widely distributed in 

 Central Europe in May, June and July. The 

 larva is smooth and green, with a yellow lateral 

 line. It feeds on broom. 



F. roraria, Fabr. is yellow with numerous 

 black spangles especially on the fore wings, 

 and more heavy in the male than in the 

 female. The under side is uniformly sprinkled. 

 It is found in Central Europe (except the 

 North-West) and in South-Eastern Europe in 

 June. The larva is green, here and there 

 brownish, with four white or yellow dorsal 

 lines and a white lateral line above the legs, 

 edged above with darker. It feeds on Genista 

 and Spartium scoparium. The pupa is shining 

 dark brown, tapering to the end, and is sub- 

 terranean. 



Genus Ematurga, Led. 



Middle-sized moths with the wings shaped 

 as in the last genus, but without the groove 

 on the under side of the fore wings in the 

 males, and without the rod-shaped pectinations 

 on the male antennae. Nervures 10 and 11 of 

 the fore wings are connected by an oblique 

 branch. The only species is: — 



