BRiriSFI AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



incisions. It feeds on broom in May and June. 

 The pupa is shining brownish red with a semi- 

 circuhir cavity, bordered witli dark brown on 

 the abdominal segments, and a bifid tail. It 

 is subterranean. 



G. rufata, Fabr. The Broom Tip. Fore 

 wings bluish silvery grey, broadly rusty brown 

 beyond the posterior transverse line as far as 

 the apex. There are three dark transverse 

 lines, the anterior of which forms one or two 

 dentations on the nervures towards the hind 

 margins, and the middle one, which is double, 

 four or five. The space between these two 

 lines is pale tawny. There is a brown line 

 dividing the ape.x, an almost straight submar- 

 ginal line, a marginal line composed of black 

 crescent -shaped spots, and fringes darkly 

 banded through the middle. Hind wings 

 j-ellowish grey with light fringes and a faint 

 dark marginal line. The head and thorax are 

 grey varied with brown, and the abdomen 

 yellowish brown. It is found in Central and 

 Southern Europe in April, May and July, but 

 is local and not common. The larva is green, 

 darker on the back, with two points on the 

 last segment. It feeds on broom. 



Genus Lobophora, Curt. 



Middle-sized moths resembling Cidaria in 

 the shape of the fore wings and pattern, but 

 distinguished by the relatively small hind wings 

 of the males, which are provided with acces- 

 sory lobes. The body and legs are covered 

 with smooth scales, the front femora are not 

 thickened, and the corresponding tibiae are 

 without a terminal claw. Proboscis stout, 

 antennae setiform, shortly ciliated in the males. 

 Fore wings with a divided appendicular cell, 

 the outer half of which projects over the dis- 

 coidal cell, from the inner margin of which 

 rises nervure 6, from the front margin ii, in 

 front of the tip 7, and from the tip itself 8 

 and g. Nervure 10 rises from 9, 7 and S from 

 a point, and 9 and 10 successively from 8. 

 On the hind wings the neuration is different 

 in the two sexes, and in the males varies in 

 different species. The moths sit on the stems 

 of trees and on fences in the daytime, with 

 their wings flat. 



L. polycommata, W. \'. The Barred 

 Tooth-striped Moth is pale }-ellowish grey, the 



fore wings with a rust}' brown central area, 

 which is notched on the costa, and is here 

 lighter in the middle; the nervures are black 

 in places, especially in cell ib. The two light 

 transverse lines, enclosing the central area, 

 are distinct and double, especially towards 

 the inner margin. The rather straight sub- 

 marginal line is shaded with darker on the 

 inner side, in cells 3 and 4; the dark marginal 

 line is formed of black spots arranged in pairs, 

 near the nervures, and bounded by whitish 

 towards the base. The fringes are unicolorous 

 in the apical half or more, and darker towards 

 the base. Hind wings somewhat paler with 

 a faint posterior transverse band, a dark mar- 

 ginal line and an indistinct central dot on all 

 the wings. Abdomen not tufted. It is common 

 in Central Europe in March and April. The 

 larva is pale green with a pale yellow lateral 

 line, and feeds on honeysuckle. 



L. carpinata, Borkh. The Early Tooth- 

 striped Moth is dirty white with a few spots 

 on the costa of the fore wings. The nervures 

 are blackish in places, and there are three 

 irregular blackish transverse lines, an inter- 

 rupted black marginal line and fringes sprinkled 

 with darker towards the base. Hind wings 

 whiter, with a faint dark transverse line towards 

 the hind margin and a dark marginal line. 

 The accessory lobes of the male are narrow 

 and not longer than a third of the length of 

 the inner margin. Palpi not prominent. Ab- 

 domen not tufted. It is common in Central 

 and Northern Europe in April and May. The 

 larva is dark grass-green on the back, lighter 

 beneath, with dark transverse incisions and a 

 yellow lateral line above the legs. It feeds on 

 Lonicera xylosUum. The pupa is brownish-green 

 in front, yellowish behind. 



L. halterata, Hufn. The Seraphim. Fore 

 wings greyish white, dusted with black, espe- 

 cially in the basal area, with three indistinct 

 j-ellowish transverse lines, an indistinct central 

 dot, a faint submarginal line, a thick dark, 

 partially interrupted marginal line and fringes 

 white at the tips. Hind wings white with a 

 faint dark marginal line. The accessory lobes 

 of the male are half the length of the inner 

 margin, and folded over in the middle. Palpi 

 not prominent. In the variety zonata, Thunb. 

 which is found in Switzerland, Austria and 



