BRITJSH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



Sweden, the fore wings are whitish j-ellow. 

 It is common in Central and Northern Europe, 

 in April and May. The larva is green with 

 a sulphur-j-ellow line on the sides and two 

 points of the same colour on the last segment. 

 It feeds on poplar, willow and beech. 



L. sexalisata, Hiibn. The Small Seraphim 

 is greyish brown, the fore wings with three 

 light transverse lines, almost completely filled 

 in with reddish brown, the posterior of which 

 is finely dentated towards the hind margin. 

 The central area between the two transverse 

 lines is darker in its costal half, with a black 

 spot on the central band. There is a fine, 

 regularly dentated submarginal line, a dark 

 marginal line, interrupted on the nervures and 

 .darkest in the basal half and fringes spotted 

 with darker on the ends of the nervures. 

 The hind wings are pale greyish-brown with 

 a faint central dot, a similar marginal line, 

 and fringes as on the fore wings. The acces- 

 sory lobes of the male are half the length of 

 the inner margin. Palpi oblique, prominent 

 below. It is found in Central and Northern 

 Europe in May and June. The larva is green- 

 ish white with three whitish dorsal and an 

 interrupted lateral line, and two j-ellowish- 

 green points on the last segment. It feeds on 

 willows and poplars. The pupa is greenish 

 brown, with a strong brownish cocoon on the 

 food-plant. 



L. viretata, Hiibn. The Yellow-barred 

 Brindle. Fore wings moss-green, with fine 

 whitish transverse lines and a broad black 

 curved and spotted central area, a fine black 

 transverse line at the base and a double row 

 of black dots through the middle of the mar- 

 ginal area. The marginal line is formed of 

 black spots, near together on the nervures. 

 The fringes are pale green. Hind wings 

 shining light grey with a faint central spot 

 and marginal line. Palpi projecting far 

 beyond the head. Abdomen tufted on the 

 back of each segment. It is found in Central 

 Europe in April and May. The larva is 

 greenish yellow, slightly varied with red, 

 with deep red or brownish red partially con- 

 fluent spots along the back. It feeds on the 

 flowers and fruit of Ligustritm vttlgare. The 

 pupa is thickened in front, light brown, with 

 a greenish shine. 



Genus Cheimatobia, Steph. 



Slender middle-sized moths with silky 

 scales, with the wings narrow at the base 

 and broad and rounded at the extremity. They 

 are grey or yellowish, and the hind wings are 

 without markings. Palpi very short and 

 slender, drooping; proboscis spiral; antennae 

 with long cilia in the males. Legs long and 

 slender, the hind pair with two pairs of spurs; 

 the females have only fringed rudiments of 

 wings. Fore wings with a very long and 

 narrow undivided appendicular cell in the 

 males; nervure 6 rises from the middle of the 

 inner margin and 8 and lo from its extremity. 

 Nervure 7 rises in front of 8, 11 just behind 

 8, and 9 from 8. The submedian nervure of 

 the hind wings is close to the inner margin 

 at the anal angle, nervures 3 and 4 are sepa- 

 rate, and 6 and 7 have a long stalk. They 

 fly at night late in the Autumn, and sit on 

 the trunks of trees, old fences, etc., in the 

 day-time. 



C. brumata, Linn. The Winter Moth. 

 PI. XXX. Male fig. 10. Female loa. This moth 

 is common in gardens and parks in Central 

 and Northern Europe from October to De- 

 cember. The larva is light or dark green with 

 a few whitish longitudinal lines, black spiracles 

 and a green head. It lives on all kinds of 

 trees, but is most destructive to fruit trees, 

 the buds and flowers of which it spins together. 

 The pupa is yellowish brown with two termi- 

 nal points curved outwards. It has an oval 

 cocoon underground. 



C. boreata, Hiibn. The Northern Winter 

 Moth. Wings narrower in the male, greyish- 

 white, varied with pale yellowish brown, espe- 

 cially on the nervures of the fore wings. 

 There are three double transverse lines on the 

 fore wings and a dark transverse nervure in 

 the discoidal cell. The fringes are darkly 

 dotted with darker at the base. Hind wings 

 paler, without markings, and with the fringes 

 as on the fore wings. The female is lighter 

 than that of brumata, and the rudiments of 

 wings have a whitish transverse line. It is 

 common in woods and gardens in Central 

 Europe in October and November. The larva 

 is similar to that of the last species but has 

 a brown head. It feeds on birch, and other 

 trees. 



