224 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



and the abdomen of the males, which pro- 

 jects far beyond the hind wings, has a long 

 anal tuft. The under side of the hind wings 

 is without markings in the males. 



S. vetulata, W. V. The Brown Scallop 

 is greyish brown, with numerous indistinct 

 wavy lines, and a rather broad light-bordered 

 central area containing a dark dot. Fore 

 wings with a more or less distinct submarginal 

 line, a dark marginal line, finely interrupted 

 on the nervures, and fringes, which are whit- 

 ish at the base, and in the incisions. Hind 

 wings indistinctly waved, with a semi-trans- 

 parent central dot. The marginal line and 

 fringes are as on the fore wings. It is com- 

 mon in Central Europe in May and again in 

 July. The larva is blackish grey with a double 

 bluish white dorsal and a yellow chain-like 

 lateral line, with black spots above the legs 

 and a flesh-coloured belly; the neck is edged 

 with yellow. It lives on Rkamnus cathayticus. 

 The pupa is brown, fusiform, with an obtuse 

 terminal point and two fine curved hooks, 

 surrounded by fine hairs. It rests on the 

 ground without a cocoon. 



S. rhamnata, \V. V. The Dark Umber 

 is rusty brown, darkest in the central area 

 of the fore wings. Fore wings with numerous 

 dark and light irregular transverse lines, espe- 

 cially towards the hind margins, a dark central 

 spot, a rather distinct posterior double band 

 which projects outwards in cell 6 and is then 

 angulated towards the base. There is a sinuated 

 submarginal line, which is slightly thickened 

 in the inner half of the wings. The black 

 uninterrupted marginal line is waved. The 

 fringes are banded with darker through the 

 middle and spotted on the nervures. The 

 hind wings are like the fore wings except that 

 the double band is rather nearer the hind 

 margin. It is common in Central Europe in 

 May and July. The larva, which is very 

 variable, is usually greenish-yellow with a brown 

 dorsal line, reddish oblique streaks and dark 

 incisions. It feeds on buckthorn [Rhaiiiinis 

 catJiarticus) as well as sloe and plum trees. 

 The pupa is reddish-brown with blackish wing 

 cases, and has an earthy cocoon. 



Genus Lygris, Hiibn. 

 Slender, middle-sized moths with broad 



wings. Fore wings pointed, with very convex 

 hind margins; hind wings rounded. The male 

 has a velvety tuft on the under side at the 

 base of the fore wings on nervure i. In all 

 the species the palpi project in front of the 

 head. The antennas are shortly ciliated in the 

 males. The slender abdomen always projects 

 beyond the hind wings. They fly in woods 

 at night. 



L. reticulata, W. V. The Netted Carpet. 

 Fore wings blackish brown with white ner- 

 vures, and white unshaded transverse lines, 

 which divide up the wings into areas; in the 

 central area there are three transverse lines. 

 There is a line dividing the apex, a sinuated 

 submarginal line and a straight dark marginal 

 line finely interrupted on the nervures. The 

 fringes have a thick dark line on their white 

 base and darker nervures on the white terminal 

 half. Hind wings greyish white, brownish 

 towards the hind margin with two or three 

 faint transverse lines and a distinct submar- 

 ginal line, and with a rusty yellow central 

 spot in the male. In the male the long tuft 

 on the under side of the fore wings is black. 

 It is found in Central Europe in July, but is 

 scarce. The larva is green with pale red 

 dorsal spots and with two adjacent light lines. 

 It feeds on Impatieiis noli me tangere, in October. 



L. prunata, Linn. The Phoenix. Fore 

 wings reddish brown, clouded, with a fine dark 

 transverse line, edged with lighter towards the 

 outer side near the base, and two light trans- 

 verse bands, the anterior of which is spotted 

 with darker, finely edged all round with white 

 and narrowed towards the inner margin. The 

 posterior transverse band is curved below the 

 middle and has two fine points on the inner 

 side. Towards the hind margin it is less 

 sharply defined. Near the costa are three 

 small dark triangular spots, edged with white. 

 The submarginal line is finely white and zig- 

 zag, and rises from the tip of the wings; on 

 its outer side is a reddish -brown crescent- 

 shaped spot. The marginal line is dark and 

 finely interrupted on the nervures. The fringes 

 are finely banded with darker through the 

 middle. Hind wings brownish grey, lighter 

 on the costa with three faint, dark zigzag 

 transverse lines, edged with lighter towards 

 the hind margin, the outermost occupying the 



