226 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



species. Nervures 3 and 4 are generall}- widely 

 separated, but may rise from a point, as in 

 scripturata; 5 is generally midway between 4 

 and 6, but is sometimes nearer to 4, as in 

 impluviafa. 6 and 7 are always stalked. 



C. dotata, Linn. The Barred Straw. Fore 

 wings sulphur-yellow, with three rusty brown 

 transverse lines, indented in front, the two 

 posterior of which, which approach one another 

 on the inner margin, enclose a narrow central 

 area, with a central dot. There is a subniar- 

 ginal line, which is displaced forwards and 

 shaded with darker on the inner side, and 

 an uninterrupted marginal line. The apices 

 are divided by a line and there is a brown 

 central spot below it on the hind margin. 

 Fringes brown, varied with grey. Hind wings 

 paler with a faint transverse line and central 

 spot; fringes white, bordered with j-ellow. It 

 is found throughout the greater part of Europe 

 in June and Juh'. The larva is yellowish- 

 green with a darker dorsal line and a j'ellow 

 dorsal stripe. It feeds on bedstraw and 

 whitethorn. 



C. fulvata, Forst. The Barred Yellow. 

 Fore wings yellow with a fine, double dark 

 transverse line near the base, a reddish brown 

 central band partially varied with red, pro- 

 jecting in light spots in the middle on the 

 costa, and in obtuse spots in the middle 

 on the outer side. There is a rusty brown 

 line dividing the ape.x, and the submar- 

 ginal line is slightly indicated by faint dark 

 spots. The marginal line is slightly darker, 

 and the fringes are finely darker on the ner- 

 vures towards the apex. Hind wings paler, 

 without markings, with darker fringes and a 

 still darker marginal line. It is common in 

 Central Europe in June and July. The larva 

 is whitish above, with a green dorsal line and 

 whitish incisions, green on the sides with a 

 yellowish lateral line above the legs. The head 

 is pointed. It feeds on roses, etc., in May 

 and June. The pupa is light green with reddish 

 wing cases. 



C. ocellata, Linn. The Purple Bar Carpet. 

 PI. XXX. fig. II. Larva 11 a. is common 

 throughout Europe in May and again in July 

 and August, especially in open woods. The 

 larva feeds on bedstraw in Summer. 



C. bicolorata, Hufn. The Blue-bordered 



Carpet is snow-white, with a curved submar- 

 ginal line on all the wings, edged on both 

 sides with dark grey and with a black central 

 spot. Fore wings with the apices divided, 

 black in the marginal half, with an incomplete 

 central area containing a rusty red costal spot, 

 and the base is of the same colour. Head 

 and thorax rusty red; abdomen uniform white. 

 It is common in Central and Northern Europe 

 in July. The larva is green with dark dorsal 

 and lateral lines, the latter edged above with 

 lighter, and two fine points on the last segment. 

 It feeds on alder in May. The pupa is bright 

 green, finely tapering, and is placed between 

 the leaves of the food plant which have been 

 spun together. Var. plumbata, Curt, is a dark 

 form found in Britain. 



C. variata, W. V. The Shaded Broad 

 Bar is pale brown, the fore wings with two or 

 three zigzag whitish transverse lines, slightly 

 shaded on both sides with darker through 

 the middle of the basal area, a dark slightly 

 curved central area and a distinct curved sub- 

 marginal line shaded with darker towards the 

 base, and terminating in fine points; on its 

 outer side are a few dark spots. There are 

 marginal spots, which are arranged in pairs. 

 The fringes are some^^■hat darker on the ner- 

 vures and are banded. Hind wings scarcely 

 paler, with a central spot and a faint transverse 

 and submarginal line. It is found throughout 

 Europe from June to September, in pine woods. 

 The larva is green with a double white dorsal 

 line, a white lateral line and a yellow one 

 above the legs. It feeds on fir and pine. The 

 pupa is green with white lateral lines. Var. 

 stragulata, Hiibn. Fore wings greenish or 

 whitish with a dark greyish-brown base and 

 central area. Var. obeliscata, Hiibn. is fawn 

 colour, with half the basal area and the central 

 area rusty brown, the submarginal line very 

 indistinct and the hind wings are without 

 markings. 



C. simulata, Hiibn. The Chestnut-coloured 

 Carpet resembles the last species, but is larger, 

 rusty brown, with the basal half and the 

 central area of the fore wings darker; the 

 latter having in addition to the black border 

 a black line on each side. The line dividing 

 the apex is more indistinct than in variata. Hind 

 wings with a dark curved line. It is found 



