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BRITISH AKD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



line is formed of black crescent-shaped spots, 

 two between each two nervures. The fringes 

 are chequered with hght and dark, and are 

 banded. Hind wings pale brownish, some- 

 times with a slightly transparent posterior 

 transverse and a faint marginal line. Fringes 

 as on the fore wings. It is common in Central 

 and Northern Europe from July to September. 

 The larva is uniform pale green with dark 

 green longitudinal lines, somewhat constricted 

 incisions, a yellow dorsal line on the first two 

 segments and two green terminal points. It 

 feeds on bilberry, strawberry, bramble, plantain, 

 etc. The pupa is yellowish green and feeds 

 between the leaves. 



C. immanata. Haw. The Dark Marbled 

 Carpet is very like the last species. Fore 

 wings pale grey, more pointed than in tyinicata, 

 with a tawny band, edged with white, in 

 front of the anterior transverse line. The 

 posterior transverse line is angulated and 

 much indented, with a tawny band edged 

 with white beyond it. The central area is 

 sometimes dark grey, with a black central 

 spot. It is common in Central and Northern 

 Europe in July and August. The larva is 

 pale yellowish or whitish green, with a dark 

 green dorsal line bordered with paler and with 

 a whitish line on each side of it. There are 

 oblique green streaks on the sides of segments 

 6 and 7, and a green line, intersected by a fine 

 yellowish thread, enclosing the white spiracles. 

 It feeds on sallow. 



C. firmata, Hubn. The Pine Carpet 

 closely resembles variaia, var. obeliscata, for 

 which it may easily be mistaken, but is dis- 

 tinguished by the rounded apices of the fore 

 wings and the pectinated antennae of the male. 

 The fore wings are fawn-colour, with the central 

 area, and less than half the basal area rusty 

 red. The central area forms a sharp projection 

 outwards and the central spot is absent. The 

 line dividing the apex and the submarginal 

 line are very indistinct and the marginal line 

 is without markings. The fringes are unspotted, 

 lighter at the base. Hind wings reddish white 

 without markings, slightly darker towards the 

 extremity. The variety ulicata, Ramb. is grey 

 with a brown central band. It is found in 

 Central and Western Europe from August to 

 October, especially in pine woods. The larva 



is grass-green with a yellow lateral line and 

 a small reddish brown spot on the second 

 segment. It feeds in April and again in June 

 and July on fir. 



C. munitata, Hilbn. The Red Carpet. 

 Fore wings pale grey with the base reddish 

 grey and a central band of the same colour. 

 The hind margins are dull grey and there is 

 a grey streak at the apex. The hind wdngs 

 are grey. It is found in mountainous districts 

 in Central and Northern Europe. The larva 

 is dull green or brown, sprinkled with black 

 dots and blotched with pink on segments 6 

 and 7. It feeds on groundsel. 



C. olivata, W. V. The Beech-green Carpet. 

 Fore wings moss-green with a black central 

 spot; the basal area with a dark transverse 

 line and from this to the base darker. The 

 black waved central band, edged with black 

 and white, is also dark, and has a small pro- 

 jection on its outer side in cell 2 and a larger 

 obtuse projection in cell 3. The zigzag sub- 

 marginal line is filled up with black in cells 

 4, 5 and 6 on the inner side. The dark mar- 

 ginal line is interrupted on and between the 

 nervures. The fringes are dark on the nervures 

 and sharply banded with darker through the 

 middle. Hind wings ashy grey with a distinct 

 submarginal line and whitish transverse lines, 

 the posterior of which is rounded. It is found 

 in Central Europe from June to August. The 

 larva is green with deep transverse incisions, 

 a divided head and long forked claspers. It 

 feeds on ash. The pupa is placed between 

 the leaves. 



C. viridaria, Fabr. The Green Carpet. 

 Fore wings pale green, with a black basal 

 line, broadest on the costa, bounding the basal 

 area. The two transverse lines are black, 

 edged with whitish, and form black triangular 

 spots on the costa; they enclose a greyish- 

 green area. There is a somewhat indistinct 

 central spot. It is common in most parts of 

 Europe in July and August. The larva when 

 full-grown is tuberculated, olive-brown, with 

 a dark interrupted dorsal line on the hinder 

 half of the back, and a row of reddish sagittate 

 spots, pointing forwards on the sides. It feeds 

 on bedstraw. 



C. salicata, Hfibn. The Striped Twin- 

 spot Carpet is bluish grey, with sharply defined 



