BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



229 



markings. The base and central area, as well 

 as the space between the submarginal line 

 and the hind margin, are varied with yellow, 

 especiall)- on the nervures. The marginal line 

 is composed of dark dots on the nervures. Hind 

 wings with a faint transverse line. It is found 

 in mountainous districts in Central Europe in 

 June and July. Var. ruficinctaria, Guen. is 

 yellowish grey, with the base, central area and 

 the shading of the submarginal line, which is 

 broken up into white spots, darkest, except 

 in cells 4 and 5. The marginal line is com- 

 posed of black spots on the nervures. It is 

 found in Southern Europe. Var. probaria, 

 Herr.-Schaff. is scarcer, and of a lighter grey 

 colour. Var. podevinaria, Herr.-Schaff. is 

 not varied with yellow. 



C. multistrigaria. Haw. The Mottled 

 Grey. Fore wings yellowish grey dusted with 

 darker, with the two transverse lines indicated 

 by black dots, the posterior being slightly 

 angulated and very indistinct. The space 

 between the lines is darker, and there is an 

 indistinct dark central spot. It is found in 

 Western Europe in May and June. The larva 

 is dark green with dark brown markings on 

 the sides. It feeds on bedstraw. 



C. didymata, Linn. The Twin-spot Carpet. 

 Fore wings brownish-grey, 3'ellowish-white in 

 the female, with two spots in cells 4 and 5 

 on the inner side of the submarginal line 

 darkest. There are two light transverse lines 

 enclosing a dark central area with an indistinct 

 central spot. The apex is divided by an in- 

 distinct line. The black marginal line is inter- 

 rupted on and between the nervures, and the 

 fringes are finely banded with darker through 

 the middle. Hind wings grey in the male, dirty 

 white in the female, somewhat darker in the 

 marginal area, with a faint central spot and 

 a few transverse lines of the same colour. 

 The marginal line and fringes are as on the 

 fore wings. The abdomen is without black 

 dorsal spots. It is common in Central and 

 Northern Europe, but especially in the Alps, 

 in June and July. The larva is grass-green 

 with a fine white spiracular line. It feeds on 

 ChctrophyUitm. 



C. cambrica. Curt. The Welsh Wave. 

 Fore wings pale grey with numerous brown 

 zigzag transverse lines. The anterior line is 



curved, and the posterior line waved, and 

 both are marked with several black spots. 

 There is an angular spot running from the 

 middle of the posterior line. The markings 

 on the hind wings are fewer and less distinct. 

 It is found in mountainous districts in Central 

 and Northern Europe. 



C. vespertaria, W. V. is dirty white. 

 Fore wings with two straight dark transverse 

 lines, edged with brown on the inner side, 

 with the space in front and between often 

 very indistinct. There is a faint submargmal 

 line, spotted with darker on the inner side in 

 cells lb, 3 and 6. The ape.x is divided by a 

 short black streak and there are similar dots 

 on the marginal line and the fringes are clear 

 white on their inner half. Hind wings with 

 an indistinct posterior transverse line and 

 central spot. It is found in many parts of 

 Central Europe from June to September, espe- 

 cially in Alpine districts. 



C. incursata, Hiibn. is yellowish-grey, with 

 a greyish brown shade and transverse lines. 

 The central area is broad with the transverse 

 bands bounding it distinctly divided into two 

 portions, the posterior with rounded projecti6ns 

 in cells 2 and 3 on the inner side. Hind wings 

 with a distinct double posterior transverse 

 band. It is found in the mountains of Central 

 and Northern Europe. 



C. fluctuata, Linn. The Garden Carpet. 

 Fore wings light brownish grey, the fore wings 

 sometimes with a yellowish shine, with a dark 

 brown base and central area, the latter bounded 

 by two double dark transverse lines, with a 

 central spot and forming two small angles on 

 the outer side. There are two dark brown 

 spots on the costa between the posterior trans- 

 verse line and the distinct zigzag submarginal 

 line, which is spotted with darker on the inner 

 side, in cells 4 and 5. The marginal line is 

 dark brown, finely interrupted on and between 

 the nervures. The fringes are darker on the 

 nervures and banded with darker through the 

 middle. Hind wings with a central spot, simple 

 anterior and double posterior transverse lines 

 and a distinct submarginal line in the some- 

 what darker marginal area. The marginal 

 line and fringes are as on the fore wings. The 

 head and thorax are brown, and the abdomen 

 grey with a double row of dorsal dots. It is 



15* 



