BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



^ii 



merits. It is coninion in Central Europe 

 in June. 



C. cucullata, Hufn. The Royal Mantle. 

 PI. XXX. Fig. 12. Larva 12 a. is found in 

 Central Europe in May, June and July. The 

 larva feeds on Galium in August. The pupa 

 is brown with greyish-brown wing-cases and 

 a fine cocoon. 



C. galiata, \\'. V. The Galium Carpet. 

 PI. XXX. Fig. 13. is common in Central and 

 Southern Europe in May and June, and again 

 in August. The larva is yellowish-grey or 

 brown above, as far as a dark bounding line, 

 with a darker dorsal line, almost obsolete on 

 the middle segments. On the sides it is more 

 or less dark greenish-brown as far as the dark 

 spiracles, with a flesh-coloured line above the 

 legs, whitish in the incisions. It feeds on 

 Galium molliigo. The pupa has a slight cocoon 

 on the ground. 



C. rivata, Hiibn. The Wood Carpet. 

 Inner half of the basal area of the fore-wings 

 black, the rest lighter. The black central 

 area forms an irregular projection towards the 

 hind margins on nervures 2, 3 and 4, and its 

 anterior border is white and distinctly divided. 

 The hind wings have several transverse 

 bands through the middle, especially at the 

 inner margin. It is found in Central and 

 Southern Europe in June and July. The larva 

 is somewhat flattened, yellowish brown with 

 a dark dorsal line interrupted on the five 

 middle segments by several pointed sagittate 

 spots, a whitish oval spot in the posterior 

 third of each of the four middle segments with 

 two eye-spots below the middle of the seg- 

 ments and a white lateral line, interrupted at 

 the spiracles. It feeds on low plants. The 

 pupa is subterranean. 



C. sociata, Borkh. The Common Carpet. 

 Wings smoky-white. Fore wings with several 

 brown lines towards the base, with a brown 

 central band, sharply bordered on both sides 

 with white waved lines, the outer one angu- 

 lated in the middle. There is a large black 

 central spot, and an outer white band, followed 

 by the white festooned submarginal line. Hind 

 wings with a central spot and three short 

 transverse lines, the other markings being 

 indistinct. It is common throughout Europe 

 in May, June and July. Larva green with a 



white lateral stripe and the incisions yellowish. 

 It feeds on Alchemilla vulgaris. 



C. unangulata. Haw. The Sharp-angled 

 Carpet. Inner half of the basal area of the 

 fore wings black, the rest paler. The black 

 central area only forms an angle on nervure 4, 

 the rest of the area being slightly curved in- 

 wards. It has a central spot, bounded by a 

 broad white band, and on the inner side by 

 a fine w'hite line. The marginal area suffused 

 with black, the apex, which is intersected by 

 a white oblique streak, being the darkest. 

 There is a distinct white regularly curved 

 submarginal line and a white marginal spot 

 near it in cell 3. The marginal line consists 

 of black dots, on the nervures. The fringes 

 are dark like the marginal area. Hind wings 

 white, with the marginal area as on the fore 

 wings, and with a dark transverse line and 

 central spot. The body is dark grey. It is 

 found in Northern Europe in June and July. 



C. albicillata, Linn. The Beautiful Carpet. 

 PI. XXX. Fig. 16. is found in Central and 

 Northern Europe in May and June. The larva 

 is more slender in front, wrinkled on the sides, 

 pale green with a row of carmine dots on the 

 sides of the three segments behind the head, 

 and similar ones above the legs. There is a 

 carmine triangular spot on the back of each 

 segment from 5 to 10 and the head is rather 

 flattened, with red spots on the sides. It 

 lives on bramble and raspberry. The pupa 

 is shining chestnut-brown with two curved 

 terminal points placed close together. It is 

 subterranean. 



C. procellata, W. V. The Chalk Carpet. 

 PL XXX. Fig. 14. is found in Central Europe 

 in May and June. The larva is ochreous 

 brown, with a dark dorsal line dilating into a 

 blotch on segments 6 to 9, in front of and 

 behind which the line is reddish. There are 

 also two or four black dots on the back of 

 each segment. It feeds on Clematis vitalba. 



C. hastata, Linn. The Argent and Sable. 

 PI. XXX. Fig. 15. is found in Central and 

 Northern Europe, especially in birch woods. 

 The larva is broad and flattened, with trans- 

 verse folds on the sides, cinnamon-brown or 

 blackish with a darker dorsal line, and a row 

 of golden-yellow horseshoe-shaped spots on the 

 sides, connected by dots of the same colour. 



