234 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERELIES AND MOTHS. 



It feeds between the leaves of birch-trees. 

 The pupa is shining reddish brown with two 

 terminal points, with a few hooklets around 

 them. It is placed either between the leaves 

 or underground. 



C. tristata, Linn. The Small Argent and 

 Sable differs from the last species in being 

 smaller and less white, with the posterior white 

 transverse band acutely angular in cell 3 in 

 all the wings, and not fused with the submar- 

 ginal line. The marginal line is formed of 

 deep black crescent-shaped spots. The fringes 

 of the fore wings, in addition to being spotted 

 with black and white colour, are banded with 

 black in the middle. The abdomen has a 

 double row of black dots. It is common 

 ■throughout Europe from April to Jul}', espe- 

 cially in woods. The larva is yellow with 

 brownish-red longitudinal lines, a broad longi- 

 tudinal line aboye the legs, and white dots 

 and fine white lines on the second and last 

 segments. It feeds on Galium. The pupa is 

 light brown and is formed underground. 



C. affinitata, Steph. The Rivulet is black- 

 isli, the lore wings with a white posterior 

 double band, which is often brown towards 

 the hind margins in the male, and a white 

 submarginal line. The central area has rounded 

 projections in cells 2 and 3, the last of which 

 is narrow, almost separated, sharply zigzag 

 on the inner side and bordered with whitish. 

 Hind wings with a lighter posterior transverse 

 band, broader and whiter in the female, with 

 a submarginal line beside it. It is found in 

 Central and Northern Europe in June. Var. 

 turbaria, Steph. is larger and lighter, the hind 

 wings being sometimes almost completely 

 white. It is found in Britain, Switzerland and 

 Norway. 



C. alchemillata, Linn. The Small Rivulet. 

 Fore wings brown with the posterior double 

 band and the submarginal line snow-wliite on 

 the costa, the anterior double line somewhat 

 indistinct, as well as the central spot, and the 

 marginal line black, interrupted on and be- 

 ween the nervures. The fringes have a black 

 central band, and are chequered in their ter- 

 minal half with brown and white. Hind wings 

 greyish brown, darker towards the hind mar- 

 gin, with an indistinct central spot and a paler 

 posterior transverse line. It is common in 



most parts of Europe in May and August. 

 The larva is greenish yellow with several 

 reddish-brown longitudinal lines and similar 

 incisions. It feeds on dead-nettle (Lamium). 

 The pupa is obtuse dark green, and is formed 

 in the ground. 



C. unifasciata, Haw. Haworth's Carpet. 

 Fore wings brownish grey, with the inner half 

 of the marginal area fawn-colour. The central 

 area is darkest and is bounded on both sides 

 by a simple snow-white transverse line, and 

 projects in a rounded angle on the outer side 

 in cell 3. The submarginal line is indicated 

 by white dots on the nervures, and a few 

 lunules near the costa. The apex is divided 

 bj' a deep black line beyond the submarginal 

 line. The marginal line is black, sharply de- 

 fined, straight and slightly interrupted with 

 white on the nervures. The grey fringes have 

 the basal half darker and also dark spots on 

 the terminal half of the nervures. Hind wings 

 grey without markings. Abdomen transversely 

 striped with black and white. It is scarce 

 and local in some parts of Central and South- 

 ern Europe. A dark variety, aquilaria, Herr.- 

 Schaff. is sometimes taken in Switzerland and 

 Hungary. 



C. minorata, Treit. The Heath Rivulet. 

 Fore wings pale grey with a darker basal 

 area and three dark bands. The first of these 

 bounds the basal area, the second is narrow 

 and forms a central band and the third, which 

 is on the hind margin, is intersected bj' the 

 white marginal line. There is a small black 

 central spot. The hind wings are paler with 

 faint transverse lines. It is found in the 

 mountains of Central and Northern Europe, 

 appearing in June and July. 



C. blandiata, W. V. The Pretty Pinion 

 is white with a greyish brown marginal area 

 and a very distinct submarginal line on the 

 fore wings with an oblique black streak on 

 the outer side in cell 3. The central area is 

 spotted with dark brown, especially in front. 

 The marginal line is composed of black spots. 

 The fringes are darker on their basal half, 

 and lightest on their terminal half, between 

 the nervures. There is sometimes a dark 

 semi-transparent central dot on all the wings. 

 It is common in meadows in Central and 

 Northern Europe from May to July. 



