BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



235 



C. albulata, W. V. The Grass Rivulet. 

 Fore wings pale greyish yellow, with dark 

 waved lines. There is a white double stripe 

 and a very distinct uniformly zigzag submar- 

 ginal line. The dark marginal line is in- 

 terrupted on the nervures. The fringes are 

 dark on the nervures and are finely banded 

 with darker. The fore wings have in addi- 

 tion a few indistinct transverse lines in the 

 basal area, bounding the central area. It is 

 common throughout Europe in June and July. 

 The British variety griseata, Steph. is more 

 grey. The larva is stout, whitish green 

 with dark green dorsal and lateral stripes. It 

 feeds on the capsules oi Rhinantkus minor in July. 



C. candidata, W. V. The SmaU White 

 Wave is shining snow-white with pale brown- 

 ish, irregular transverse lines, a black central 

 spot, sometimes wanting, and black marginal 

 spots. The fringes are without markings. 

 Hind wings with a slight prominence on ner- 

 vure 4. It is common in woods in many 

 parts of Europe from May to July. 



C. sylvata, W. V. The Waved Carpet 

 is whitish, with numerous darker zigzag trans- 

 verse lines, and with a dark band on either 

 side of the middle on the fore wings, most 

 distinct on the costa. It is common in Central 

 Europe in June and July. 



C. blomeri, Curt. Blomer's Rivulet is 

 bluish-white with numerous indistinct trans- 

 verse zigzag markings. Fore wings with two 

 waved brown lines near the tip, close together. 

 There are several oblique brown lines on the 

 costa, and a row of elongated black spots on 

 the hind margin. These are also seen on the 

 hind wings. It is found in Britain and more 

 rarely in Northern Germany and Silesia. 



C. decolorata, Hubn. The Sandy Carpet 

 is whitish varied with ochre -yellow. Fore 

 wings with a rather distinct central area, 

 bounded on both sides by two white trans- 

 verse bands, the posterior of which is inter- 

 rupted by the dentated projections of the 

 central area. The marginal line is formed of 

 dark points. The fringes are wedge-shaped 

 on the nervures and spotted with darker. 

 Hind wings without markings, or with only 

 a few indistinct transverse lines. It is common 

 throughout Europe in July. 



C. luteata, W. V. The Small Yellow 



Wave is sulphur-yellow with fulvous transverse 

 lines and black central spots. Fore wings 

 with a distinct double fine zigzag line bound- 

 ing the central area behind ; from the middle 

 of which a fulvous streak runs to the apex of 

 the fringes. This and the marginal line are 

 both without markings. Hind wings with a 

 slight angular projection on nervure 4. It is 

 common in Central and Northern Europe in 

 May and June. The larva is light yellowish- 

 brown with five dark longitudinal lines. It 

 feeds on the catkins of alder. 



C. obliterata, Hufn. The Dingy Shell is 

 dirty yellow so thickly dusted with ochre- 

 brown as to almost obliterate the transverse 

 lines. The outermost part of the costa of the 

 fore wings is less heavily dusted. The hind 

 wings are slightly angulated on nervure 4. It 

 is common throughout Europe in June and 

 July. The larva is light grass-green with an 

 interrupted light yellow dorsal line, two white 

 lateral lines and two rows of white spots be- 

 tween them. The head is dark green dotted 

 with black. It feeds on birch and alder. The 

 pupa is reddish yellow, thickened in front, and 

 has a slight cocoon among leaves, moss, etc. 



C. bilineata, Linn. The Yellow Shell is 

 golden-yellow, somewhat darker beyond the 

 delicate white zigzag submarginal line, with 

 numerous fine dark waved lines and at least one 

 white line bounding the central area on the outer 

 side, which is frequently more or less edged 

 with brown on its inner side. The dark mar- 

 ginal line is waved, and on the hind wings is 

 almost zigzag. The fringes are white on their 

 terminal half, between the nervures. It is 

 common in woods and gardens throughout 

 Europe. The larva is green with a greyish 

 white belly, a yellow or white lateral line, 

 light incisions and a dark dorsal line. It feeds 

 on low plants. The pupa is reddish brown 

 with a fine terminal point, and is formed in 

 the ground. 



C. sordidata, Fabr. The July Highflyer 

 varies considerably both in colour and mark- 

 ings. Fore wings greenish varied with rusty 

 red and greenish white, especially on the costa. 

 Before the middle is an irregular, waved, 

 transverse line and there are a few dark spots 

 near the apex, forming an inner shade to the 

 indistinct submarginal line, which is usually 



