236 



BRITISH AXD EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



spotted with white in the middle. The apex is 

 intersected by a short darlv line. The mar- 

 ginal line is formed of dark spots, on the 

 nervures. The fringes have the terminal half 

 lighter. Hind wings greenish or brownish- 

 grey with a semi-transparent central spot and 

 a posterior transverse line. It is common in 

 Central and Northern Europe in July. The 

 larva is dirty yellow with a reddish brown 

 longitudinal line, often broken up into spots, 

 and black hair. It feeds on bilberry and the 

 catkins of willows. The pupa is small, obtuse, 

 and grass-green in colour. Var. infuscata, 

 Staud. has the fore wings almost uniform brown 

 or grey, indistinctly streaked with black. Var. 

 fusco-undata, Don. has the fore wings red- 

 dish-brown banded with black. Both these 

 forms are met with in Britain. 



C. impluviata, W. V. The May High- 

 ,1yer. Fore wings brownish grey, with a light 

 grey central area containing a dark central 

 spot. The base and the position of the sub- 

 marginal line are also light grey. The apex is 

 brownish grey with a few oblique dark streaks. 

 The marginal line is brown, and almost unin- 

 terrupted. The fringes are darker in their 

 basal half, darkly spotted on the nervures, 

 with their terminal half lighter. Hind wings 

 brownish grey with a central spot and an 

 indistinct posterior transverse band. It is found 

 in Central and Northern Europe in May and 

 June. The larva is yellowish with brownish 

 grey incisions and a yellow line above the 

 legs. The head is reticulated yellow and brown. 

 It feeds on alder, lime and other trees. The 

 pupa is dark green, and is formed between 

 the leaves of the food-plant. 



C. literata, Don. The Ruddy Highflyer 

 closely resembles the last species, and may 

 be only a variety of it. It differs in having 

 no distinct lighter area; the two double bands 

 are intersected by a broad red line and there 

 is a similar band behind the base and external 

 to the submarginal line. It is found in Central 

 and Northern Europe in May, but is scarce. 



C. silaceata, W. V. The Small Phcenix 

 Moth. Fore wings dark brown with a band 

 composed of several light-brown submarginal 

 transverse lines, forming an inner boundary 

 to the broad central area, which is bounded 

 externally by a fine double line. The area 



contains a central spot, and has nervures 2 

 and 3 usually yellow. The posterior trans- 

 verse line has a row of dark triangular spots 

 on the outer side, which are edged with ful- 

 vous or whitish. The submarginal line stands 

 out sharply towards the apex, and below it, on 

 the outer side, is a dark crescent-shaped spot 

 in which it merges or else disappears in the 

 fulvous area. All the nervures of the mar- 

 ginal area are yellow. The marginal line is 

 not darker than the ground colour and is indi- 

 cated towards the hind margin by a whitish 

 dusting. The fringes are darker on the ner- 

 vures, and in addition dark in the middle. 

 Hind wings brownish grey with a central spot 

 and an indistinct posterior double line. The 

 marginal line is interrupted on the nervures, 

 and the fringes are pale and almost unicolorous. 

 It is common in Central and Northern Europe 

 from May to August. The variety insulata, 

 Haw. has a black band on the fore wings, 

 interrupted with yellow. It occurs in Britain. 

 The variety deflavata, Staud. is without the 

 yellow nervures. It is found in the Alps and 

 Pyrenees. The larva is long and slender and 

 very variable in colour. It is usually sap- 

 green with a light dorsal line, edged with 

 darker, which is sometimes expanded into 

 reddish -brown spots at the incisions, and a 

 similar lateral line. The head is green with 

 brown markings. It feeds on Impatiens and 

 Epilolnum montaniim. The pupa is grass-green 

 with a brown median line on the back and 

 belly, dark nervures on the wing-cases and 

 scattered dark dots on the back and in the 

 incisions. It forms a slight cocoon on the 

 ground. 



C. corylata, Thunb. The Broken-barred 

 Carpet. Fore wings olive -brown with a 

 greenish yellow band, edged on both sides 

 with white, forming the inner boundary of 

 the central area. This has a central spot and 

 is obtusely dentated on the outer side, two 

 double teeth being especially prominent ; it is 

 much constricted towards the inner margin, 

 and is bounded by a white line suff"used with 

 greenish yellow as far as the regular deeply 

 zigzag submarginal line. The apices are in- 

 distinctly whitish in their anterior half, and 

 there is a similar spot outside the middle of 

 the submarginal line. The marginal line is dark 



