BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. 



237 



and is interrupted on the nervures and thicker 

 near them. The wliitish fringes are iinely 

 banded through the middle and spotted with 

 brown on the nervures. Hind wings dirty 

 white with an indistinct central spot and 

 posterior transverse line. It is common in 

 Central and Northern Europe in May and 

 June. The larva is slender, somewhat thick- 

 ened behind, rose-coloured, yellowish on the 

 back with a few red stripes and two fine ter- 

 minal points. The head is bifid. It feeds on 

 lime, sloe, hazel, etc. The pupa is brownish 

 grey, with fine dark markings on the back, 

 and is formed between contiguous leaves on 

 the food-plant. 



C. berberata, W. V. The Barberry Carpet. 

 Fore wings violet-grey, varied with brown. 

 The foire wings have the basal area reddish 

 brown, with a dark transverse band in front 

 of the middle. The central area has an almost 

 straight transverse band, filled up with walnut- 

 brown towards the base, and a similar dark 

 double stripe on the outer side, the outermost 

 of which projects in a strong tooth on ner- 

 vures 4 and 6, and from here to the front it 

 is suffused with walnut-brown on the inner 

 side, being finely edged with lighter on the 

 outer side. The two lateral bands of the 

 central area approach one another beyond the 

 middle, and may touch. The marginal area 

 is reddish brown clouded with grey, darkest 

 in front, with a walnut-brown line dividing 

 the apex, and intersected by the indistinct 

 submarginal line. The marginal line is formed 

 of dark crescent-shaped spots or curved lines, 

 and the fringes are banded with darker, with 

 indistinct dark spots on the nervures. Hind 

 wings brownish grey, somewhat darker towards 

 the hind margins, with an indistinct posterior 

 double band and submarginal line. The head 

 and thorax are reddish brown, with a darkly 

 bordered collar, and the abdomen is brownish 

 grey with a few brown transverse bands. It 

 is found in Central Europe from May to 

 August. The larva is very variable in colour. 

 It may be either light yellowish brown with 

 a slender brownish dorsal and a delicate dark 

 brown zigzag lateral line, with segments 2 to 

 8 spotted with j'ellowish brown and black, and 

 the remaining segments with a brownish white 

 dorsal spot, edged with dark brown. Or it 



may be dirty j-ellow with dull brownish-grey 

 spots. It lives gregariously on barberry. The 

 pupa is brownish yellow, with lighter wing- 

 cases and has a slight cocoon between the 

 leaves. 



C. derivata, W. V. The Streamer is pale 

 grey, varied with brownish red. The basal 

 area of the fore wings has a reddish brown 

 central band and the light double bands which 

 bound the broad central area are very indis- 

 tinct. The central area is light with a central 

 spot, and is only bounded on both sides by a 

 brown band, the hinder end of which almost 

 reaches the hind margin in cell 3, and from 

 there to the inner margin is only indicated by 

 dots. The submarginal line is scarcely indi- 

 cated and the marginal line is composed of 

 dark dots. The fringes are chequered with 

 lighter and darker. Hind wings pale and 

 without markings. It is found in most parts 

 of Europe in April and May, but is not usually 

 common. The larva is yellowish green with 

 yellow incisions, a triangular carmine spot on 

 the head and three succeeding segments and 

 an anal plate and legs of the same colour. 

 The hinder segments have also a green lateral 

 stripe. It feeds on rose. The pupa is dark 

 green above, rusty brown beneath and is formed 

 in a slight cocoon between leaves. 



C. rubidata, W. V. The Flame is reddish 

 grey. Fore wings blackish in the inner part 

 of the basal area, the rest being reddish. The 

 central area has a central spot and is blackish 

 at the sides and towards the hind margin from 

 nervure 4 to the costa. The outer double 

 band is unequally divided, and is narrower 

 and whiter on the inner side, indistinct on the 

 outer side and with four strong curves from the 

 inner margin to cell 3; the two anterior curves 

 extending far towards the hind margin, after 

 which it is almost straight. The marginal 

 area is reddish without a line dividing the 

 apex, with an indistinct uniformly zigzag sub- 

 marginal line and a dark marginal line composed 

 of crescent-shaped spots. Hind wings with 

 a central spot, reddish towards the hind mar- 

 gins, with similar markings as the fore wings, 

 but indistinct. It is common in most parts 

 of Europe in May and June, and again in 

 August. The larva is pale grass-green, ashy 

 grey, or brownish grey, with a blackish dorsal 



