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BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



line, which is broken up into reticulate mark- 

 ings from segments 4 to g. It feeds on Galium 

 montanum, and sylvaticum and Asperida odorata. 

 The pupa is greenish brown and is subterranean, 

 without a cocoon. 



C. sagittata, Fabr. The Marsh Carpet 

 is fawn-colour, with the base of the fore wings 

 and the central area, which is constricted in 

 cell lb, and projects in a tooth in the middle 

 towards the hind margin, brown. The apex 

 is sharply defined and white, intersected by 

 a sharply defined line. In front of this and 

 in cell 3 behind the submarginal line there is 

 a white blotch. The marginal line is without 

 markings and the fringes are white banded 

 with darker and also spotted on the nervures. 

 Hind wings lighter with a somewhat angular 

 posterior transverse line. It is found in Central 

 Europe in June and July. The larva is yel- 

 lowish green with reddish and dark green 

 markings. It feeds in Autumn on Thaliciyiun. 



C. comitata, Linn. The Dark Spinach 

 Moth is pale brownish yellow. Fore wings 

 acutely pointed, broadly dark brown at the 

 base and on both sides of the central area. 

 This contains a central spot and has an obtuse 

 projecting angle on the inner side in cell 3; 

 it is here bounded by several waved lines. 

 The submarginal line, which is parallel to the 

 hind margin, is distinctly interrupted by a 

 dark line which intersects the apex. The 

 marginal line is somewhat waved, and is 

 spotted with darker on the nervures in its 

 terminal half. Hind wings paler, somewhat 

 darker towards the hind margin, with an in- 

 distinct transverse line and central spot. It 

 is common in Central and Northern Europe 

 in July and August. The larva is somewhat 

 angularly expanded on the sides, so that the 

 back is flat. It varies much in colour and 

 markings, from pale brownish grey to cinnamon- 

 brown, with angular spots along the back, 

 pointing forwards, intersected by a delicate 

 dark dorsal line and a light yellow lateral line 

 curved up and down at the corners of the 

 segments, and with several sinuated lines and 

 spots on the belly. The head is flattened, 

 brownish dotted with black. It feeds on Cheno- 

 podium. The pupa is short and stout, shining 

 yellowish brown. It is formed in a cocoon, 

 deep in the ground. 



C. lapidata, Hiibn. The Slender-striped 

 Rufous. Fore wings rather pointed, wainscot- 

 brown with numerous waved transverse lines, 

 and a very obscure central spot. Hind wings 

 dingy brownish grey with a fine dark double 

 transverse line, parallel to the hind margin. 

 It is found in Northern and Western Europe, 

 the British locahty being Rannoch in Perth- 

 shire. 



C. polygrammata, Borkh. The Many- 

 lined Carpet is bone-coloured with numerous 

 dark transverse lines, which on the fore wings 

 enclose a central area, dark on its inner half, 

 finely bordered with white on both sides and 

 almost straight behind, and with a dark 

 central spot. The marginal line is black, 

 interrupted on the nervures, and strongly 

 waved. The fringes are brown. It is found 

 in Central and Southern Europe in May and 

 again in August and September. The larva 

 is reddish grey with lighter longitudinal lines 

 and streaks. It feeds on Galium from July to 

 September. Var. conjunctaria. Led. is paler, 

 without the dark central band. 



C. vitalbata, W. V. The Small-waved 

 Umber is dusty grey, varied with straw-colour 

 and rusty brown. Fore wings with a bone- 

 coloured costa and indistinct transverse lines. 

 The central area is darker on its lower half. 

 The posterior double band is sharply zigzag 

 towards the hind margin, especially in cell 3, 

 and the submarginal line is darker on the inner 

 side in cells 4 and 5. The apex is divided by 

 a dark line and the marginal line is composed 

 of bluish black dots. The fringes are brown. 

 Hind wings with the same markings as the 

 fore wings, but fainter. It is common in 

 Central and Southern Europe in June. The 

 larva is bluish grey, with reddish incisions, 

 a slight orange lateral line, a few dark dots 

 edged with lighter and a dark dorsal line, 

 which is broken up on the five middle segments 

 into alternating dark-centred eye-spots and 

 dark lozenge-shaped spots. It feeds on Clematis 

 vitalha. 



C. tersata, W. Y. The Fern is greyish 

 brown, darkest in the basal area. Fore wings 

 with several dark transverse lines, most dis- 

 tinct on the costa, the posterior of which is 

 double, and bounds a somewhat paler central 

 area rather sharply angular in cell 3 and on 



