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BRITISH AXD EUROPEAX BUTTERFLIES AXD MOTHS. 



other markings being indistinct. The body is 

 brown. It is found in Central and Southern 

 Europe in June. The larva feeds on oak and 

 beech. 



E. insigniata, Hiibn. The Pinion-spotted 

 Pug is pale ashy grey, with two transverse 

 bands on the fore wings, which are slightly 

 lighter, and are composed of two or three 

 black lines, expanded into brown spots on the 

 costa, the posterior being irregular. There is 

 a blackish transverse line across the middle 

 of the basal and one across the central area, 

 with a black central lunule, which is double 

 and irregular. The marginal and the basal 

 areas are rust}' brown towards the central 

 area, the marginal line is interrupted on the 

 nervures, and the fringes are darker on the 

 nervures. Hind wings with only a distinct 

 central spot and posterior transverse line. It 

 is found in Central and Southern Europe in 

 July. The larva is slender, pale green, bluish 

 above, with a red dorsal spot on the hinder 

 border of each segment and a yellow lateral 

 line above the black spiracles. It feeds on 

 fruit trees, especially apple, and whitethorn. 

 The pupa is yellowish brown with greenish 

 wing-cases, and several terminal bristles. It 

 has a cocoon composed of particles of earth 

 and bits of plants. 



E. venosata, Fabr. The Netted Pug. 

 PI. XXX. fig. 17. is common throughout the 

 greater part of Europe. The larva is bluish 

 grey above, white beneath, with a black head 

 and legs. It feeds on the soft capsules of 

 Cticubalus, Silene, and Lychnis, as well as on the 

 flowers and seeds. The pupa is yellowish 

 brown with a darker bristly terminal point. 

 It has a slight cocoon on the food-plant or 

 on the ground. 



E. subnotata, Hubn. The Plain Pug. 

 Fore wings pale ochre-yellow, grey from the 

 costa to the submarginal line and spotted with 

 black and white. The apex is strongly rounded ; 

 the anterior white double band with a strongly- 

 projecting angle, the posterior being almost 

 straight. The central area has three transverse 

 lines crossing it in the middle, especially 

 distinct on the nervures. The anterior of these 

 is formed of raised scales. There is a black cen- 

 tral spot. The distinct white submarginal line, 

 which is curved inwards at the hinder angle, 



is bounded with rusty red on the inner side, 

 not quite to the posterior double band. The 

 space from this to the base is grey, with a 

 few black longitudinal streaks between the 

 nervures. The fringes are darker in their basal 

 half. Hind wings white with an indistinct 

 central spot, and coloured markings only on 

 the inner margin and in the marginal area. 

 Abdomen spotted. It is found in Central Europe 

 in April and Jul}-. The larva feeds on the 

 flowers and seeds of A triplex and Chenopodium. 



E. pulchellata, Steph. The Fo.xglove 

 Pug. Fore wings pale ochre-yellow. The 

 basal area is bounded by a black line, and is 

 blackish towards the costa ; the central area 

 is edged on both sides with whitish and has 

 a whitish waved line passing through it, beyond 

 the black central spot. The marginal line is 

 yellowish white and indistinct. The hind 

 wings are smoky grey with indistinct darker 

 zigzag lines. It is found chiefly in Western 

 Europe and appears in May. The larva is 

 variable; it may be dark or light yellowish- 

 green or pale sulphur-yellow with darker dorsal 

 and subdorsal lines. It feeds on foxglove. 



E. linariata, W. V. The Beautiful Pug. 

 Fore wings with rusty red basal and marginal 

 areas and a dark grey central area, with a 

 central spot, and finely bordered on both sides 

 with white. The submarginal line is distinct, 

 with small dark spots before the middle and 

 at the hinder angle. The straight black 

 marginal line is interrupted on the nervures. 

 The fringes are spotted with darker on their 

 basal half. Hind wings dark grey, with a 

 central spot, and a light posterior transverse 

 line and a submarginal line. The body is rusty 

 reddish with a dark brown band in front of 

 the abdomen. It is common in Central and 

 Southern Europe in June and July. The larva 

 is green with dark dots, and dark lines above 

 the black spiracles, or with blackish green 

 interrupted longitudinal lines. The head is 

 reddish or dark brown. It feeds on the seeds 

 of Linaria vulgaris. The pupa is obtuse, light 

 brown with darker wing-cases. 



E. pusillata, W. V. The Dwarf Pug is 

 pale bone-colour with a tinge of olive-green and 

 a central spot on all the wings. The three 

 transverse bands of the fore wings are usually 

 distinctly double; the central one, however, 



