242 



BRITISH AND EUROPEAN BUTTERELIES AND MOTHS. 



hinder angle. Tlie submarginal line is most 

 distinct, and is thickened in cell ib; it is 

 sometimes suffused with darker in front and 

 in cells 4 and 5, with several black longitudinal 

 streaks on the outer side. The marginal line 

 is thick. The fringes are lighter at the extreme 

 base and in their terminal half, and darker in 

 the dark band on the nervures. Hind wings 

 with indefinite markings, resembling those on 

 the fore wings. It is found in Central Europe 

 in May and June, but is not common. The 

 larva is slender, green or brownish with a 

 darker dorsal line. It feeds on the flowers of 

 Scabiosa, Centanrea, Solidago, Gentiana, Globularia, 

 Crepis, etc. The pupa is ochre-yellow with 

 green wing-cases, and is formed on the ground. 

 The pupa hibernates. 



E. succenturiata, Linn. The Bordered 

 Lime Speck. Fore wings with the three lines 

 through the middle of the central area very 

 distinct and sharply waved. The posterior 

 double band is generally marked with sharp 

 black zigzags on the inner side, and is sharply 

 interrupted on nervure 6 also on the inner 

 side. The submarginal line is distinctly pale, 

 in cell lb almost white, and is edged with 

 darker on the inner side. The moth varies 

 much in colour, but is usually bluish grey, with 

 the nervures almost the same, or bluish grey, 

 with the central area white from nervures 3 

 to 6, nervures 3 and 4 being unicolorous. It 

 is found in Central and Northern Europe in 

 July, but is not generally common. The larva 

 is slender, chocolate-brown, with numerous 

 ■white dots, especially above the legs, which 

 unite to form lines on the front and hinder 

 segments. It feeds on the flowers of wormwood. 



E. subfulvata, Haw. The Tawny Speck 

 closely resembles the last species and by some 

 authors is regarded as only a variety. It is 

 greyish brown, varied with white, and in the 

 central area with fulvous, with the whole of 

 nervure i, all the nervures in the marginal 

 area, and nervures 3 and 4 in the central 

 area, fulvous. It is found in Central Europe 

 in May and June. The larva is reddish 

 brown or pale yellowish brown, with a pale 

 olive dorsal line, connecting a series of dusky 

 lozenge-shaped spots, and with a white lateral 

 line. It feeds on yarrow. 



E. nanata, Hiibn. The Narrow-winged 



Pug. Fore wings narrow and expanded, dark 

 grey, with three double bands, a submarginal 

 line, a blotch in front of the central spot, and 

 an oblique streak, which is, however, often 

 wanting. The apex is white, the nervures 

 black in places, nervures 3 and 4 being yellow. 

 The three transverse bands, the middle of 

 which is often indistinct or incomplete, are ob- 

 tusely or rectangularly interrupted on nervure 

 6. The submarginal line is thickened in cell 

 lb and notched on the inner side. The fringes 

 are grey in their terminal half and spotted 

 with darker on the nervures in the basal half, 

 but white in the outer part of the basal area 

 and between the nervures. Hind wings with 

 the same markings as the fore wings, but 

 indistinct, except on the inner margin. It is 

 common in Central Europe from May to July, 

 but occurs singly. The larva is yellow with 

 a dark reddish brown dorsal stripe, and a 

 carmine stripe above the legs. It feeds on 

 the flowers of heath. The pupa is ochre-yellow 

 with dark wing-cases. It has a fine cocoon 

 and hibernates. 



E. innotata, Hufn. resembles the last 

 species in form, but the fore wings are more 

 pointed, brownish grey, with some of the ner- 

 vures darker in places and sometimes with 

 white dashes about the black central lunule. 

 The three double bands are slightly lighter, 

 the posterior being most distinct on the inner 

 side and the two anterior often more or less 

 indistinct and sharply interrupted on the inner 

 side on nervure 6, the posterior being again 

 sharply curved in front of the costa. The sub- 

 marginal line is most distinctly white, thickest 

 in cell lb, with black longitudinal streaks on 

 the outer side between the nervures. The 

 fringes are banded with darker through the 

 middle, and still more darkly spotted on the 

 nervures towards the base, and as light in the 

 outer basal part as in the terminal half. Hind 

 wings with only a posterior transverse band, an 

 indistinct submarginal line and a central spot. 

 It is common in Central and Southern Europe 

 from May to August. The larva is very 

 slender, dark green with a darker dorsal line, 

 and two fine oblique streaks on each side of 

 it, on the front edge of each segment. It feeds 

 on the flowers of Artemisia campestris and ab- 

 syiithium, etc. The pupa is reddish brown with 



